Ch 1 Introduction To Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

Analytical introspection

Answer 1

A procedure used by earlier psychologist in which trained participants describe their experience and thought processes in response to stimuli.

Question 2

Artificial intelligence

Answer 2

The ability of a computer to perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence.

Question 3

Behaviourism

Answer 3

Founded by Jhon B.Watson, which states that observable behaviour provides the only valid data in psychology.

Question 4

Braun imagine

Answer 4

Technique such as functional magnetic resonance (FMRI) that results in images of the brain that represents brain activity in response to cognitive tasks.

Question 5

Choice reaction time

Answer 5

Time to respond to one of two or more stimuli.

Question 6

Classical conditioning

Answer 6

A procedure in which pairing a neural stimuli with a stimulus that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response.

Question 7

Cognitive

Answer 7

The mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, language , problem solving, reasoning, and decision making.

Question 8

Cognitive map

Answer 8

Mental conception of a spatial layout.

Question 9

Cognitive psychology

Answer 9

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mental process involved in perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making.

Question 10

Cognitive revolution.

Answer 10

A shift in psychology, beginning in the 1950, from the behavioural approach to an approach in which the main thrust was to explain behaviour in terms of the mind.

Question 11

Electrophysiology

Answer 11

Techniques used to measure electrical response of the nervous system.

Question 12

Information processing approach

Answer 12

The approach to psychology, developed beginning in the 1950s, in which the mind is described as processing information through a sequence of stages.

Question 13

Mind

Answer 13

System that creates mental representation of the world and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory emotions, language ñ, reasoning.

Question 14

Neuropsychology

Answer 14

The study of behaviour effects in damaged brains.

Question 15

Operant conditioning

Answer 15

Type of conditioning championed by B.F skinner, which focuses on how behaviour is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcement, such as food or social approval, or withdrawal of negative reinforces, such as shock or social rejection.

Question 16

Paradigm

Answer 16

A system of ideas, which quise thinking in a particular field.

Question 17

Paradigm shift

Answer 17

A shift in thinking from one paradigm to another.

Question 18

Reaction time

Answer 18

A time it takes to react to stimulus. This is usually determined by measuring the time between presentation of a stimulus and the response to the stimulus.

Question 19

Saving

Answer 19

Measure used by Ebbinghaus to determine the magnitude of memory left from initial learning. High saving indicate greater memory.

Question 20

Savings curve

Answer 20

Plot of savings versus time after original learning.

Question 21

Scientific revolution

Answer 21

Occurs when there is a shift in thinking from one scientific paradigm to another.

Question 22

Simple reaction time

Answer 22

Reacting to the presence or absence of a single stimulus. As opposed to having to choose between a number of stimulus.

Question 23

Structuralism

Answer 23

An approach to psychology that explained perception as adding up small elementary units called sensations. Sense data, early approach.