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Cognitive Psychology > Ch 2 Cognitive Neural Science > Flashcards

Ch 2 Cognitive Neural Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Action potential

A

Sent electrical responsible for transmitting neural information and for communicating between neurons. Travel down a neuron’s axon.

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2
Q

Axons

A

Part of the neuron that transmits signals from the cell body to the synapses at the end of the axon.

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3
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Associated to damage to Broca’s area, in frontal lobe, characterized by laboured ungrammatical speech and difficulty in understanding some types of sentences.

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4
Q

Broca’s area

A

An area in the frontal lobe associated with the production of language.

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5
Q

Cell body

A

Part of a cell that contains mechanism that keep the cell alive. In some neurons, the cell body and the dendrites associated with it receives information from other neurons.

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6
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The 3-mm thick outer layer of the brain that contains the mechanism responsible for higher mental functions such as perception, language, thinking, problem solving.

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7
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Field concerned with studying the neural basis of cognition.

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8
Q

Cortical equipotentiality

A

The idea, popular in the 1800’s, that the brain operates as an indivisible whole ñ, as opposed to operating based on specialization areas.

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9
Q

Default mode network

A

Network of structures that active when a person is not involved in specific tasks.

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

Structures that branch out from the cell body to receive electrical signals from other Neuron.

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11
Q

Distributed representation

A

Occurs when specific cognition activates many areas of the brain.

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12
Q

Double dissociation.

A
  1. FunctionA is present, function B is damaged.
  2. Function A is damaged, function b is present.
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13
Q

Experience dependent plasticity

A

A mechanism of hat causes an organism neurons to develop so they respond best to the type of simulation to which the organism has been exposed. Cat experiment.

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14
Q

Extrastriate body area

A

An area in the temporal cortex that is activated by pictures of the bodies and parts of bodies, but not by faces or other objects.

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15
Q

Feature detection.

A

Neurons that respond to specific visual features, such as orientation, size, or the more complex features that make up environmental stimuli.

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16
Q

Frontal lobe

A

The lobe in the front of the brain that serves higher functions such as language, thought, memory , and motor function.

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17
Q

Functional connectivity

A

A he extent to which the neural activity in separate brain areas correlate with each other.

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18
Q

Functional magnetic resonance

A

A brain imaging technique that measures how blood flow changes in response to cognitive activity.

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19
Q

Fusiform face area

A

An area in the temporal lobe that contains many neurons that respond selectively to faces

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20
Q

Hierarchical processing

A

Processing that occurs in a progression from lower to higher areas of the brain.

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21
Q

Levels of analysis

A

A topic can be understood by studying it at a number of different levels of a system.

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22
Q

Localization of function

A

Location of specific functions in specific areas of the brain.

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23
Q

Microelectodes

A

Small wires that are used to record electrical signals from single neurons.

24
Q

Multidimensional

A

The multidimensional nature of of cognition refers to the fact that even simple experience involve combination of different qualities.

25
Q

Nerve fibres

A

Part of the neuron that transmits signals from the cell body and o the synapses at the end of the axon.

26
Q

Nerve impulses

A

An electrical response that is propagated down the length of an axon. Action potential.

27
Q

Nerve net

A

A network of continuously interconnected nerve fibres in which rivers are connected by synapses.

28
Q

Neural circuits

A

Groups of interconnected neurons that are responsible for neural processing.

29
Q

Neural network

A

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected together.

30
Q

Neuron doctrine

A

The idea that individual cells called neurons transmit signals in the nervous system, and that these cells are not continuous.

31
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals that is released at the synapses in response to incoming action potential.

32
Q

Parahippocampal place area PPA

A

An area in the temporal lobe that contains neurons that are selectively activated by pictures of indoor and outdoor scenes.

33
Q

Parietal lobe

A

The lobe at the top of the brain that contains mechanism responsible for sensations caused by stimulation and some aspects of visual information.

34
Q

Principal of neural representation.

A

Everything a person experience is based on representation. In the persons nervous system.

35
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Condition caused by damage to the temporal lobe that is characterized by an inability to recognize faces.

36
Q

Receptors

A

Specializing neural structures that respond to environmental stimuli such as light, mechanism stimulation, or chemical stimuli.

37
Q

Recording electrodes

A

Very thin glass or metal probe that can pick up electrical signals from single neurons.

38
Q

Reference electrode

A

Used to measure the difference in charge between two areas.

39
Q

Resting state FMRI

A

The FMRI response recorded when a person is at rest.

40
Q

Resting state functional connectivity

A

A method for determining functional connectivity that involves determining the correlation between the rating state FMRI in separate structures.

41
Q

Resting potential

A

Difference in charge between the inside and outside of nerve finer when the finer is at rest.

42
Q

Seed location

A

The area of the brain associated with carrying out a specific cognitive or motor task that serves as the reference area the resting state functional connectivity.

43
Q

Sensory code

A

How neural firing represents various characteristics of the environment.

44
Q

Sparse coding

A

Neural coding based on the pattern of activity in small groups of neurons.

45
Q

Specificity coding

A

The representation of a specific stimulus by the firing of neurons that respond only to that stimulus.

46
Q

Synapses

A

Space between the end of an axon and the cell body between the dendrites of next axon.

47
Q

Task related FMRI

A

The response that occurs in response to a specific cognitive task.

48
Q

Temporal lobe

A

The lobe on the side of the brain that contains mechanism responsible for language, memory, hearing, and vision.

49
Q

Test location

A

The activity of the test location is also measured at the seed location. The degree of functional connectivity.

50
Q

Time series response

A

The way the FMRI response changes over time.

51
Q

Track weighted imagine TWI

A

A technique for determining connectivity in the brain that is based on detection of how water diffuses along the length of nerve fibres.

52
Q

Visual cortex

A

An area in the occipital lobe that receives signals from the eyes.

53
Q

Voxels

A

Small cube shaped areas in the brain used in the analysis of data from brain scanning experiments.

54
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

A condition, caused by damage to wernickes area, that is characterized by difficult in understanding language , grammatically correct but incoherent.

55
Q

Wernickes area

A

Area in the temporal lobe associated with understanding language. Damage to this area causes wernickes aphasia.

Cognitive Psychology (14 decks)

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