CH 3 Perception Flashcards
Action pathway
Neural pathway, extending from the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe, to the where pathway.
Apparent movement
An illusion of movement, when different locations are flashed.
Bayesian inference
The idea that our estimate of the probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood (consistent with the outcome.)
Bottom up processing
Processing that starts with information received by the receptors. Data based processing.
Brain ablation
A procedure in which a specific area is removed from an animals brain. It is usually done to determine the function of this area by assessing the effect on the animals behaviour.
Direct pathway model
Model of pain perception that proposes that pain signals are sent directly from receptors to the brain.
Dorsal pathway
Pathway that extends from the visual cortex in the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe. Where pathway.
Gestalt psychology
A group of psychologist who proposed principals governing perception, such as laws of organization, involves restructuring.
Inverse projection problem
Task of determining the object that caused a particular image in the retina.
Law of pragnanz
Law of perceptual organizations that states that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible.
Landmark discrimination
The task to remember an objects location and to choose that location after the delay.
Light from above assumption
The assumption that hat light is coming from above. How we perceive three dimensional objects.
Likelihood.
In Bayesian inference, the more extent to which the available e wide de is consistent with the outcome.
Likelihood principle
Part of Helmholtz theory of unconscious inference that states that we perceive the objects that is mostly likely to have caused the patterns of stimulus.
Mirror neurons
Neurons in promotor cortex, in monkeys that activate when someone els Carrie’s out an action and when the monkey Carrie’s out that action.
Mirror neurons system
A network of neurons in the brain that have mirror neurons properties.
Object discrimination.
The task is to remember the shape of figure when presented with another figure, associated with the what pathway.
Oblique effect
The vertical and horizontal orientations can be perceived more easily than other (slanted) orientation.
Perception
Conscious experience that results from stimulation of senses.
Perception pathway
Neural pathway, extending from the occipital lobe or the temporal lobe, that is associated with perceiving or recognizing objects. What pathway.
Physical regularities
Regularly occurring physical properties.
Placebo
A fake pill
Placebo effect
Decrease in pain from a procedure or substance that delivers no active ingredients.
Principal of good continuation
Traitor of curving lines are seen as together. Lines tend to find the smoothesed line.
Principal of similarity
Organizing that states that are similar things appear to be grouped together.
Principle of simplicity
Every pattern is seen in such a way that it is as simple as possible. Law of good figure.
Principal of perceptual organization.
A small scene or display becomes perceptually grouped to form larger units.
Regularities in the environment
Characteristics of the environment that occur frequently.
Scene schema
A persons knowledge of what is likely to be in scene.
Semantic regularities
Characteristics associated with of functions in different types of scenes.
Size weight illusion.
Larger objects seem to weight more.
Speech segmentation
The process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signals
Statistical learning
The process of learning about transitional probabilities and about other characteristics of language. Also with vision.
Theory of natural selection
Characteristics that enhanced an animals ability to survive.
Top down processing
Processing that involves a persons knowledge of expectation.
Transitional probabilities
The likelihood that one speech sound will follow another within a word.
Unconscious inference
Helmholtz idea that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions that we make about the environment.
Ventral pathway
The pathway from the visual cortex to the temporal lobe. The what pathway.
Viewpoint invariance
The ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints.
What pathway
From the occipital lobe tot he temporal lobe. The what pathway.
Where pathway
From the occipital lobe the parietal lobe.
