CH 3 Perception

Question 1

Action pathway

Answer 1

Neural pathway, extending from the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe, to the where pathway.

Question 2

Apparent movement

Answer 2

An illusion of movement, when different locations are flashed.

Question 3

Bayesian inference

Answer 3

The idea that our estimate of the probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood (consistent with the outcome.)

Question 4

Bottom up processing

Answer 4

Processing that starts with information received by the receptors. Data based processing.

Question 5

Brain ablation

Answer 5

A procedure in which a specific area is removed from an animals brain. It is usually done to determine the function of this area by assessing the effect on the animals behaviour.

Question 6

Direct pathway model

Answer 6

Model of pain perception that proposes that pain signals are sent directly from receptors to the brain.

Question 7

Dorsal pathway

Answer 7

Pathway that extends from the visual cortex in the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe. Where pathway.

Question 8

Gestalt psychology

Answer 8

A group of psychologist who proposed principals governing perception, such as laws of organization, involves restructuring.

Question 9

Inverse projection problem

Answer 9

Task of determining the object that caused a particular image in the retina.

Question 10

Law of pragnanz

Answer 10

Law of perceptual organizations that states that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible.

Question 11

Landmark discrimination

Answer 11

The task to remember an objects location and to choose that location after the delay.

Question 12

Light from above assumption

Answer 12

The assumption that hat light is coming from above. How we perceive three dimensional objects.

Question 13

Likelihood.

Answer 13

In Bayesian inference, the more extent to which the available e wide de is consistent with the outcome.

Question 14

Likelihood principle

Answer 14

Part of Helmholtz theory of unconscious inference that states that we perceive the objects that is mostly likely to have caused the patterns of stimulus.

Question 15

Mirror neurons

Answer 15

Neurons in promotor cortex, in monkeys that activate when someone els Carrie’s out an action and when the monkey Carrie’s out that action.

Question 16

Mirror neurons system

Answer 16

A network of neurons in the brain that have mirror neurons properties.

Question 17

Object discrimination.

Answer 17

The task is to remember the shape of figure when presented with another figure, associated with the what pathway.

Question 18

Oblique effect

Answer 18

The vertical and horizontal orientations can be perceived more easily than other (slanted) orientation.

Question 19

Perception

Answer 19

Conscious experience that results from stimulation of senses.

Question 20

Perception pathway

Answer 20

Neural pathway, extending from the occipital lobe or the temporal lobe, that is associated with perceiving or recognizing objects. What pathway.

Question 21

Physical regularities

Answer 21

Regularly occurring physical properties.

Question 22

Placebo

Answer 22

A fake pill

Question 23

Placebo effect

Answer 23

Decrease in pain from a procedure or substance that delivers no active ingredients.

Question 24

Principal of good continuation

Answer 24

Traitor of curving lines are seen as together. Lines tend to find the smoothesed line.

Question 25

Principal of similarity

Answer 25

Organizing that states that are similar things appear to be grouped together.

Question 26

Principle of simplicity

Answer 26

Every pattern is seen in such a way that it is as simple as possible. Law of good figure.

Question 27

Principal of perceptual organization.

Answer 27

A small scene or display becomes perceptually grouped to form larger units.

Question 28

Regularities in the environment

Answer 28

Characteristics of the environment that occur frequently.

Question 29

Scene schema

Answer 29

A persons knowledge of what is likely to be in scene.

Question 30

Semantic regularities

Answer 30

Characteristics associated with of functions in different types of scenes.

Question 31

Size weight illusion.

Answer 31

Larger objects seem to weight more.

Question 32

Speech segmentation

Answer 32

The process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signals

Question 33

Statistical learning

Answer 33

The process of learning about transitional probabilities and about other characteristics of language. Also with vision.

Question 34

Theory of natural selection

Answer 34

Characteristics that enhanced an animals ability to survive.

Question 35

Top down processing

Answer 35

Processing that involves a persons knowledge of expectation.

Question 36

Transitional probabilities

Answer 36

The likelihood that one speech sound will follow another within a word.

Question 37

Unconscious inference

Answer 37

Helmholtz idea that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions that we make about the environment.

Question 38

Ventral pathway

Answer 38

The pathway from the visual cortex to the temporal lobe. The what pathway.

Question 39

Viewpoint invariance

Answer 39

The ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints.

Question 40

What pathway

Answer 40

From the occipital lobe tot he temporal lobe. The what pathway.

Question 41

Where pathway

Answer 41

From the occipital lobe the parietal lobe.