CH 7 Encoding, Retreival, And Consilidation

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

The process of acquiring information and transferring it into memory.

Question 2

Retrieval

Answer 2

The process of remembering information that has been stored in long term memory.

Question 3

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 3

Rehearsal that involves repetition without any consideration of meaning or making connections to other information. Compare to elaborate rehearsal.

Question 4

Elaborate rehearsal

Answer 4

Rehearsal that involves thinking about the meaning of an item to be elem wrong or making connections between the item and prior knowledge.

Question 5

Levels of processing theory

Answer 5

Memory depends on how information is encoded, with better encoding when information is deep rather then shallow.

Question 6

Depth of processing

Answer 6

The idea that the processing that occurs as an item is being a encoded into memory can be deep or shallow.

Question 7

Shallow processing

Answer 7

Processing that involves repetition with little attention to meaning.

Question 8

Deep processing

Answer 8

Processing that involves attention to meaning and relating an item to something els. Deep processing is related to elaborate rehearsal.

Question 9

Paired associate learning

Answer 9

A learning in which participants are first presented with pairs of words, then one word of each pair is presented and task is to recall the word.

Question 10

Self-reference effect

Answer 10

Memory for a word is improved by relating the word to the self.

Question 11

Generation effect

Answer 11

Memory for material is better when a person generates the material him or herself, rather than passively receiving it. I.e generating like words etc horse, fill in saddle

Question 12

Retrieval cue

Answer 12

A word or other stimulus that helps a person remember information stored in memory.

Question 13

Retrieval practice effect

Answer 13

Things are remembered better if there is memory retrieval.

Question 14

Testing effect

Answer 14

Enhanced performance on a memory test caused by being tested on the material to be tested.

Question 15

Elaborate

Answer 15

Thinking about what your are n reading and giving it meaning by relating it to other things that you know.

Question 16

Organize

Answer 16

The goal of organizing material is to create a framework that helps relate some information to other information to make the material more meaningful and therefore strengthen encoding.

Question 17

Spacing effect

Answer 17

The advantage in performance caused by short study sessions esperares by breaks from studying.

Question 18

Free recall

Answer 18

A procedure for testing memory in which the participants is asked to remember stimulus that were previously presented.

Question 19

Cued recall

Answer 19

A procedure for testing memory in which a participant is presented with cues, such as word or phrases, to aid recall of previous experiences.

Question 20

Self generated cues

Answer 20

Three words associated with the word increased recall substantially.

Question 21

Transference appropriate processing

Answer 21

When the type of task that occurs during encoding matches the type of task that occurs during retrieval. This type of processing can enhance retrieval.

Question 22

Consolidation

Answer 22

The process that transforms new memories into a state in which they are more resistant to disruption.

Question 23

Synaptic consolidation

Answer 23

A process of consolidation that involves structural changes at synapses that happen rapidly over a period of minutes.

Question 24

System consolidation

Answer 24

A consolidation process that involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a long timescale.

Question 25

Long term potential

Answer 25

The increased firing was hat occurs in neuron due to prior activity at the synapses.

Question 26

Reactivity

Answer 26

A process that occurs during memory consolidation, in which the hippocampus replays the neural activity associated with memory. This activity results in the formation of connections between the cortisol areas.

Question 27

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 27

Loss of memory for something that happened prior to an injury or traumatic event such as concussion.

Question 28

Grades amnesia

Answer 28

When amnesia is most severe for events that occurred just prior to injury and becomes less severe for earlier more remote events.

Question 29

Standard model of consolidation

Answer 29

Proposes that memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus during consolidation, but that once consolidation is complete, retrieval no longer depends on the hippocampus.

Question 30

Reconsolidation

Answer 30

A process proposed by Nader and others that occurs when me memory is retrieved and so becomes reactivated. This repeat consolidation is repeat reconsolidation.