CH 7 Encoding, Retreival, And Consilidation Flashcards
Encoding
The process of acquiring information and transferring it into memory.
Retrieval
The process of remembering information that has been stored in long term memory.
Maintenance rehearsal
Rehearsal that involves repetition without any consideration of meaning or making connections to other information. Compare to elaborate rehearsal.
Elaborate rehearsal
Rehearsal that involves thinking about the meaning of an item to be elem wrong or making connections between the item and prior knowledge.
Levels of processing theory
Memory depends on how information is encoded, with better encoding when information is deep rather then shallow.
Depth of processing
The idea that the processing that occurs as an item is being a encoded into memory can be deep or shallow.
Shallow processing
Processing that involves repetition with little attention to meaning.
Deep processing
Processing that involves attention to meaning and relating an item to something els. Deep processing is related to elaborate rehearsal.
Paired associate learning
A learning in which participants are first presented with pairs of words, then one word of each pair is presented and task is to recall the word.
Self-reference effect
Memory for a word is improved by relating the word to the self.
Generation effect
Memory for material is better when a person generates the material him or herself, rather than passively receiving it. I.e generating like words etc horse, fill in saddle
Retrieval cue
A word or other stimulus that helps a person remember information stored in memory.
Retrieval practice effect
Things are remembered better if there is memory retrieval.
Testing effect
Enhanced performance on a memory test caused by being tested on the material to be tested.
Elaborate
Thinking about what your are n reading and giving it meaning by relating it to other things that you know.
Organize
The goal of organizing material is to create a framework that helps relate some information to other information to make the material more meaningful and therefore strengthen encoding.
Spacing effect
The advantage in performance caused by short study sessions esperares by breaks from studying.
Free recall
A procedure for testing memory in which the participants is asked to remember stimulus that were previously presented.
Cued recall
A procedure for testing memory in which a participant is presented with cues, such as word or phrases, to aid recall of previous experiences.
Self generated cues
Three words associated with the word increased recall substantially.
Transference appropriate processing
When the type of task that occurs during encoding matches the type of task that occurs during retrieval. This type of processing can enhance retrieval.
Consolidation
The process that transforms new memories into a state in which they are more resistant to disruption.
Synaptic consolidation
A process of consolidation that involves structural changes at synapses that happen rapidly over a period of minutes.
System consolidation
A consolidation process that involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a long timescale.
Long term potential
The increased firing was hat occurs in neuron due to prior activity at the synapses.
Reactivity
A process that occurs during memory consolidation, in which the hippocampus replays the neural activity associated with memory. This activity results in the formation of connections between the cortisol areas.
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memory for something that happened prior to an injury or traumatic event such as concussion.
Grades amnesia
When amnesia is most severe for events that occurred just prior to injury and becomes less severe for earlier more remote events.
Standard model of consolidation
Proposes that memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus during consolidation, but that once consolidation is complete, retrieval no longer depends on the hippocampus.
Reconsolidation
A process proposed by Nader and others that occurs when me memory is retrieved and so becomes reactivated. This repeat consolidation is repeat reconsolidation.
