Ch 5 Short Term And Working Memory

Question 1

Modal model of memory

Answer 1

Processing information through a series of stages, including short-term and long-term memory. It is called the modal model because it includes many features of modals of the time.

Question 2

Structural features

Answer 2

Types of memory indicated by boxes in models of memory. In the modal model, the types are sensory, short term, and long term.

Question 3

Control processes

Answer 3

Active processes that can be controlled by the person and that may differ from task to task.

Question 4

Rehearsal

Answer 4

The process of repeating a stimulus over and over, usually for the purpose of remembering.

Question 5

Sensory memory

Answer 5

A brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fraction of a second. First stage of modal model memory.

Question 6

Persistence of Visio.

Answer 6

The continued perception of light for a fraction of a second after the original light stimulus has been extinguished. Perceiving a trail go light.

Question 7

Partial report

Answer 7

A cue tone immediately after the display, indicates which part of the display to report.

Question 8

Delayed partial report

Answer 8

A cue tone that was delayed for a fraction of a second after the display was extinguished indicated which part of the display report.

Question 9

Iconic memory

Answer 9

Brief sensory memory for visual stimulus that lasts for a fraction. Of a second after a stimulus is extinguished.

Question 10

Echoic memory

Answer 10

Brief so sensory memory for auditory stimulus that last for a few seconds after a stimulus is extinguished.

Question 11

Short term memory

Answer 11

A memory mechanism that can hold informations for a brief period of time, usually 30 seconds. Unless rehearsed.

Question 12

Digit span

Answer 12

The number of digits a person can remember.

Question 13

Chunking

Answer 13

Combining small units into larger ones, such as when individuals words are combined into a meaningful sentence.

Question 14

Chunk

Answer 14

A chunk is a collection of elements that’s are strongly associated with each other but weakly associated with elements in other chunks.

Question 15

Working memory

Answer 15

A limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension.

Question 16

Phonological loop

Answer 16

The part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information.

Question 17

Phonological store

Answer 17

Components of the phonological loop of working memory that holds a limited amount of verbal and auditory information for a few seconds.

Question 18

Articulatory rehearsal process

Answer 18

Rehearsal process involved in working memory that keeps items in the phonological store from decaying.

Question 19

Visual sketch pad

Answer 19

Holds visual and spatial information.

Question 20

Central executive

Answer 20

The part of working memory that coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and the visual sketch pad. The “traffic cop” of the working memory system.

Question 21

Phonological similarity effect

Answer 21

An effect that occurs in when letters or words that sound similar are confused. For example t-p are two similar sounding letters that could be confused.

Question 22

Word length effect

Answer 22

The notion that it is more difficult to remember a list of long words than a list of short words.

Question 23

Articulatory suppression

Answer 23

Interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as “the” while carrying out a task that requires the phonological loop.

Question 24

Visual imagery

Answer 24

A type of mental imagery involving vision, in which an image is experienced in the absence of visual stimulation.

Question 25

Mental rotation

Answer 25

Rotating an image of an object in the mind.

Question 26

Preservation

Answer 26

Difficulty in switching from one behaviour to another, which can hinder a person’s ability to solve problems that require flexible thinking.

Question 27

Episodic buffer

Answer 27

A component added to Baddeley’s original memory model that serves as a backup store, it holds information longer and has greater capacity then the phonological loop or visual loop.

Question 28

Delayed-response task

Answer 28

A task in which information is provided, a delayed is imposed, and then memory is tested. This task is used to study short-term memory.

Question 29

Activity-silent working memory

Answer 29

Short term changes in neural network connectivity that has been hypothesized as a mechanism of holding information in working memory.

Question 30

Reading span test

Answer 30

The test used by daemon and carpenter to measure reading span

Question 31

Reading span

Answer 31

It is the number of 13-16 word sentences that a person can read and then correctly remember the last words of all the sentences.

Question 32

Event related potential

Answer 32

An electrical potential, that reflects the response of many thousands of neuron’s near that electrode that fire together.