Ch 5 Short Term And Working Memory Flashcards
Modal model of memory
Processing information through a series of stages, including short-term and long-term memory. It is called the modal model because it includes many features of modals of the time.
Structural features
Types of memory indicated by boxes in models of memory. In the modal model, the types are sensory, short term, and long term.
Control processes
Active processes that can be controlled by the person and that may differ from task to task.
Rehearsal
The process of repeating a stimulus over and over, usually for the purpose of remembering.
Sensory memory
A brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fraction of a second. First stage of modal model memory.
Persistence of Visio.
The continued perception of light for a fraction of a second after the original light stimulus has been extinguished. Perceiving a trail go light.
Partial report
A cue tone immediately after the display, indicates which part of the display to report.
Delayed partial report
A cue tone that was delayed for a fraction of a second after the display was extinguished indicated which part of the display report.
Iconic memory
Brief sensory memory for visual stimulus that lasts for a fraction. Of a second after a stimulus is extinguished.
Echoic memory
Brief so sensory memory for auditory stimulus that last for a few seconds after a stimulus is extinguished.
Short term memory
A memory mechanism that can hold informations for a brief period of time, usually 30 seconds. Unless rehearsed.
Digit span
The number of digits a person can remember.
Chunking
Combining small units into larger ones, such as when individuals words are combined into a meaningful sentence.
Chunk
A chunk is a collection of elements that’s are strongly associated with each other but weakly associated with elements in other chunks.
Working memory
A limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension.
Phonological loop
The part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information.
Phonological store
Components of the phonological loop of working memory that holds a limited amount of verbal and auditory information for a few seconds.
Articulatory rehearsal process
Rehearsal process involved in working memory that keeps items in the phonological store from decaying.
Visual sketch pad
Holds visual and spatial information.
Central executive
The part of working memory that coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and the visual sketch pad. The “traffic cop” of the working memory system.
Phonological similarity effect
An effect that occurs in when letters or words that sound similar are confused. For example t-p are two similar sounding letters that could be confused.
Word length effect
The notion that it is more difficult to remember a list of long words than a list of short words.
Articulatory suppression
Interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as “the” while carrying out a task that requires the phonological loop.
Visual imagery
A type of mental imagery involving vision, in which an image is experienced in the absence of visual stimulation.
Mental rotation
Rotating an image of an object in the mind.
Preservation
Difficulty in switching from one behaviour to another, which can hinder a person’s ability to solve problems that require flexible thinking.
Episodic buffer
A component added to Baddeley’s original memory model that serves as a backup store, it holds information longer and has greater capacity then the phonological loop or visual loop.
Delayed-response task
A task in which information is provided, a delayed is imposed, and then memory is tested. This task is used to study short-term memory.
Activity-silent working memory
Short term changes in neural network connectivity that has been hypothesized as a mechanism of holding information in working memory.
Reading span test
The test used by daemon and carpenter to measure reading span
Reading span
It is the number of 13-16 word sentences that a person can read and then correctly remember the last words of all the sentences.
Event related potential
An electrical potential, that reflects the response of many thousands of neuron’s near that electrode that fire together.
