Ch. 8 - Cognition & Intelligence Flashcards
- Intelligence:
no agreed upon definition
- Unified capacity theorists:
one thing— visible characteristics of intelligence are all correlated in a subliminal way—
- Unified capacity theorists:
verbal (comprehension/vocab) + performance (coding/speed) = one thing
- Uncorrelated characteristic multiple:
number of individual traits
- Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence (triangle):
- Componential/analytical
- Experimental/creativity
- Contextual/practical
- Three are unrelated!!! Can be strong/weak/not present in any combination
- Componential/analytical:
coding, fast thinkers, solutions, abstractions, processing – timed tests
- Experimental/creativity:
skills with novel problems and unfamiliar problems in new settings combining unrelated facts
- Contextual/practical:
adapt to environment to maximize strengths and compensate weaknesses— street smarts
- Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:
independent aspects – people can excel in certain (only a few) areas— backed with brain studies on damage
- Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:
8 aspects:
linguistic, naturalistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, logical, bodily – none are dominant
- Criteria for language:
learning abstract set of symbols
- Behaviorist theories:
Skinner argued that children learn language the same way they learn everything else through intimidation, reinforcement and other established principles of conditioning
- Behaviorist theories:
Skinner
- Language acquisition:
reinforcement of random sounds – graph would resemble a linear positive slope
- Language acquisition:
reinforcement of random sounds – graph would resemble a linear positive slope— SKINNER
- Nativist theories:
Chomsky pointed out that there are an infinite number of sentences in language therefore it is unreasonable for children to learn by intimidation
- Nativist theories:
Chomsky
- Language acquisition device:
an innate mechanism or process that facilitates the learning of language
- Interactionist theories:
argue that the language acquisition device concept is extremely vague
- Language development:
- Cooing and random vocalizations – 6-8 weeks
- Distinct babbling (ads consonants) – 4-10 months
- Jargon (babbling with speech inflections) – starts to resemble your culture (specific sounds) – 8-10 months
- Holophrastic speech (one word to represent a whole idea in sentences) – 10-15 months