Ch. 1 - History, Areas, and Connections Flashcards
Psychology comes from (2)
psyche (soul) and logos (study of a subject)
Wundt mounted a campaign to…
And was characterized as the…
And declared…
- mounted a campaign to make psychology an independent discipline rather than simply the interaction between physiology and philosophy
- The founder of psychology
- Declared the field should be a science modeled after physics or chemistry
Structuralism is based on the notion that…
the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related
Structuralism is used to identify (3)
sensations, feelings, and images
Introspection is the
careful systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience
Functionalism is not the ___ but the ___
not how but WHY
Functionalism was introduced by
William James
Freud introduced the idea of…
unconscious/psychodynamic perspective
Pavlov looked at…
how people make associations
Watson studied…
behaviorism
Freud’s idea can be related after what eras and why?
After WW1 & WW2 when soldiers returned with shellshock (PTSD)
Behaviorism looks at…
the need to study what is measurable/observable
Radical behaviorism is the idea that…
there is a reason and purpose for everything, no free will, someone must be in charge of reinforcement/punishment
Radical behaviorism is related to who?
Skinner
Humanism is the idea that… and emphasizes…
- people are different and special
- emphasizes on personal growth and realizing potential
Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology concerned with…
diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
Cognition refers to the…
mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and influences… that our mental process significantly influence our behavior
Biological perspective is…
much of human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of the brain structures and biochemical process that allow organisms to behave
Individualistic cultures are
“me-oriented” and goals tend to be make people like them, feel different/separate from others, winners/losers, self assured
Collectivist culture is…
connected/defined by others, shouldn’t stand out, all supposed to rise
Evolutionary psychology examines…
behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of the species over the course of many generations
Positive psychology uses (2) to…
theory and research to better understand positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
Psychology is the science that studies…
behavior and the physiological and cognitive process that underlie behavior
Developmental psychology looks at…
human development across lifespan and change over time
Social psychology focuses on…
interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces on governing behavior
Educational psychology studies how…
people learn and the best ways to teach them
Health psychology is how…
psychological factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of physical health and the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
Physiological psychology is…
influence of genetic factors on behavior and the role of the brain, nervous system, endocrine system, and bodily chemicals in the regulation of behavior
Experimental psychology focuses on (6)
sensation, perception, learning, conditioning, motivation, and emotion
Cognitive psychology focuses on (7)
Memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem solving, decision making, and creativity
Psychometrics is the…
measurement of behavior and capacities usually through tests
Personality psychology is concerned with factors that…
shape personality and with personality assessment
Human factors in psychology are…
developing products for the way people think/act
Organizational psychology is…
enhancing the work quality of life
Clinical psychology is the…
evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders as well as less severe behavioral and emotional disorders
Counseling psychology the…
work with people struggling with everyday problems of moderate severity
Social work is used to
help manage life better
Industrial and organizational psychology runs…
human resources departments, improve staff morale and attitudes, increase job satisfaction, examine organizational structures and procedures, and make recommendations for improvement
Industrial and organizational psychology is the connection between (2)
psychology and the business world
School psychology uses…
tests and work with children having difficulties in school and aid their parents and teachers in solving school relating problems
