Ch. 7 Definitions Flashcards
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Scientific field that focuses on creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelligence when they are done by people
Encoding
Process by which information gets into memory
Automaticity
Ability to process information with little or no effort
Strategy construction
Creation of new procedures for processing information
Metacognition
Knowing about knowing
Attention
Focusing of mental resources
Selective attention
Focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring what is irrelevant
Divided attention
Concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
Sustained attention
Ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time
Executive attention
Cognitive process involving planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances
Joint attention
Focus by individuals on the same object or event; requires an ability to track another’s behavior, direct another’s attention, and reciprocal interaction
Memory
Retention of information over time
Schema theory
Stating that people mold memories to fit information that already exists in their minds
Schemas
Mental frameworks that organize concepts and information
Implicit memory
Memory without conscious recollection; memory of skills and routines and procedures performed automatically
