Ch. 12 Definitions Flashcards
Gender
Characteristics of people as females or males
Gender identity
A sense of one’s own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female
Gender role
A set of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, feel
Gender-typing
Acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Estrogens
Class of sex hormones (including estradiol) that primarily influences development of female sex characteristics and helps regulate menstrual cycle
Androgens
Class of sex hormones (including testosterone) that primarily promotes development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics
Social role theory
Eagly’s theory that psychological gender differences are caused by the contrasting social roles of men and women
Psychoanalytic theory of gender
Stems from Freud’s view: preschool children develop sexual attraction to opposite-sex parent then renounces attraction and identifies with same-sex parent, adopting characteristics
Social cognitive theory of gender
That children’s gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior (as well as rewards and punishments based on what’s believed to be inappropriate or appropriate for their gender)
Gender schema theory
Gender-typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schemas of what is culturally gender-appropriate/gender-inappropriate
Gender stereotypes
General impressions/beliefs about females and males
Androgyny
Presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same individual
Transgender
Broad term that refers to individuals adopting gender identity different than the one assigned at birth
Gender-intensification hypothesis
The view that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because of increased socialization pressures to conform to traditional gender roles
Rapport talk
Language of conversation; a way to establish connections and negotiate relationships (preferred by women)
