Ch. 10 Definitions Flashcards
Emotion
Feeling or affect that occurs when a person is engaged in an interaction that is importantly to him or her, especially to his or her well-being
Primary emotions
Present in humans and other animals, emerge early in life and are culturally universal (joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust)
Self-conscious emotions
Require a sense of me; include empathy, jealousy, embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt, appearing after 18 months
Basic cry
Rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle higher pitched than main cry, then brief rest before the next cry
Anger cry
Similar to basic cry but with more excess air forced through vocal cords
Pain cry
Sudden, initial loud cry followed by breath holding without preliminary moaning
Reflexive smile
Smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli, usually during the month after birth usually during sleep
Social smile
In response to an external stimulus (in early development is typically a face)
Stranger anxiety
An infant’s fear of and wariness toward strangers; tends to appear on second half of the first year of life
Separation protest
Reaction that occurs when infants experience a fear of being separated from a caregiver, which results in crying when the caregiver leaves
Fight or flight
Taylor’s view that when men experience stress they are more likely to become aggressive, withdraw from social contact, or drink alcohol
Tend and befriend
Taylor’s view that when women experience stress, they are more likely to seek social alliances with others
Socioemotional selective theory
That older adults become more selective about their activities and social relationships in order to maintain emotional well-being
Temperament
An individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of responding
Easy child
Temperament style in which the child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, and adapts easily to new experiences
Difficult child
Temperament style in which the child tends to react negatively and cry frequently, engage in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change
Slow-to-warm-up child
Temperament style in which the child has low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood
Goodness of fit
Match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with
Attachment
A close emotional bond between two people
Strange Situation
Ainsworth’s observational measure of infant attachment to a caregiver that requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with caregiver and adult stranger in prescribed order
Securely attached children
Children who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
Insecure avoidant children
Children who show insecurity by avoiding the mother
Insecure resistant children
Children who might cling to the caregiver, then resist her by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away
Insecure disorganized children
Children who show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented
Developmental cascade model
Involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes
Secure attachment style
Describes adults who have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned or stressed out about their romantic relationships
Avoidant attachment style
Describes adults who are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, and, once in a relationship, tend to distance themselves from their partner
Anxious attachment style
Describes adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive
Romantic love
Has strong components of sexuality and infatuation and often predominates in the early part of a love relationship (also called passionate love or Eros)
Affectionate love
Occurs when individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person (also called companionate love)
Triangular theory of love
Sternberg’s theory that love includes three components or dimensions: passion, intimacy, commitment
