Ch. 10 Definitions

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Feeling or affect that occurs when a person is engaged in an interaction that is importantly to him or her, especially to his or her well-being

Question 2

Primary emotions

Answer 2

Present in humans and other animals, emerge early in life and are culturally universal (joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust)

Question 3

Self-conscious emotions

Answer 3

Require a sense of me; include empathy, jealousy, embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt, appearing after 18 months

Question 4

Basic cry

Answer 4

Rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle higher pitched than main cry, then brief rest before the next cry

Question 5

Anger cry

Answer 5

Similar to basic cry but with more excess air forced through vocal cords

Question 6

Pain cry

Answer 6

Sudden, initial loud cry followed by breath holding without preliminary moaning

Question 7

Reflexive smile

Answer 7

Smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli, usually during the month after birth usually during sleep

Question 8

Social smile

Answer 8

In response to an external stimulus (in early development is typically a face)

Question 9

Stranger anxiety

Answer 9

An infant’s fear of and wariness toward strangers; tends to appear on second half of the first year of life

Question 10

Separation protest

Answer 10

Reaction that occurs when infants experience a fear of being separated from a caregiver, which results in crying when the caregiver leaves

Question 11

Fight or flight

Answer 11

Taylor’s view that when men experience stress they are more likely to become aggressive, withdraw from social contact, or drink alcohol

Question 12

Tend and befriend

Answer 12

Taylor’s view that when women experience stress, they are more likely to seek social alliances with others

Question 13

Socioemotional selective theory

Answer 13

That older adults become more selective about their activities and social relationships in order to maintain emotional well-being

Question 14

Temperament

Answer 14

An individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of responding

Question 15

Easy child

Answer 15

Temperament style in which the child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, and adapts easily to new experiences

Question 16

Difficult child

Answer 16

Temperament style in which the child tends to react negatively and cry frequently, engage in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change

Question 17

Slow-to-warm-up child

Answer 17

Temperament style in which the child has low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood

Question 18

Goodness of fit

Answer 18

Match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with

Question 19

Attachment

Answer 19

A close emotional bond between two people

Question 20

Strange Situation

Answer 20

Ainsworth’s observational measure of infant attachment to a caregiver that requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with caregiver and adult stranger in prescribed order

Question 21

Securely attached children

Answer 21

Children who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment

Question 22

Insecure avoidant children

Answer 22

Children who show insecurity by avoiding the mother

Question 23

Insecure resistant children

Answer 23

Children who might cling to the caregiver, then resist her by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away

Question 24

Insecure disorganized children

Answer 24

Children who show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented

Question 25

Developmental cascade model

Answer 25

Involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes

Question 26

Secure attachment style

Answer 26

Describes adults who have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned or stressed out about their romantic relationships

Question 27

Avoidant attachment style

Answer 27

Describes adults who are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, and, once in a relationship, tend to distance themselves from their partner

Question 28

Anxious attachment style

Answer 28

Describes adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive

Question 29

Romantic love

Answer 29

Has strong components of sexuality and infatuation and often predominates in the early part of a love relationship (also called passionate love or Eros)

Question 30

Affectionate love

Answer 30

Occurs when individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person (also called companionate love)

Question 31

Triangular theory of love

Answer 31

Sternberg’s theory that love includes three components or dimensions: passion, intimacy, commitment