CH 7 Flashcards
ACh is a key NT in both ___ and _____. In the _____ it is used in all _____ junctions and in the _______ nervous system. In the CNS, multiple cell body regions enervate _______/_____ regions ACh ____ in the striatum
PNS, CNS, PNS, neuromuscular, parasympathetic, cortical/subcortical, interneurons
a precursor to ACh that is from foods
choline
the other precursor to ACh
acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
the enzyme that makes ACh from choline and acetyl CoA; only in ACh neurons
choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
the rate of ACh synthesis is controlled by the availability of ____ and rate of ____ _____. ChAT works more efficiently when the neuron is firing ______. No selective ____ of ChAT have been found
precursors, neuron firing, a lot, inhibitors
transporters that package ACh into vesicles
vesicular ACh transporters (VAChT)
drug that blocks VAChT, reducing ACh levels
vesamicol
A toxin that causes massive ACh release in the PNS leading muscle pain, tremors, nausea, vomiting, salivation and copious sweating
black widow spider venom
inhibits ACh release selectively in the neuromuscular junction
botulinum toxin
Inhibition of cholinergic activity can be deadly because of ____ _____. ____ can be affected as well. Botox ____ binds to proteins involved in ACh release and prevents release
muscular paralysis, irreversibly
Unlike many transmitters, ACh does not undergo direct ____
reuptake
the enzyme that rapidly breaks down ACh to choline and acetic acid
acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
AChE is located on ______ membranes and also in _____ cells that metabolize ____ ACh. It has a very high _____ for ACh, and breaks it down within _____
postsynaptic, presynaptic, excess, affinity, ms
After ACh breakdown, most choline is taken back into the _____ ______ ____ by a choline transporter
cholinergic nerve terminal
drug that blocks choline transporters, reducing the rate of ACh production
hemicholinium-3 (HC-3)
Blocking _____ (ACh inactivation), increases ____ effects of the transmitter
AChE, postsynaptic