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A&P I > Ch 6 The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Ch 6 The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the human body

A

206

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2
Q

how many bones do babies have in their body

A

over 300

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3
Q

what are the two minerals that are stored in bones

A

Calcium & Phosphorus

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4
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system?

A
  • Produces blood cells
    *Assists with movement
  • Protects
  • Supports
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5
Q

What structure of the long bone is the “shaft” and made of compact/hard bone?

A

Diaphysis

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6
Q

what is the structure of the long bone that is a hollow area inside diaphysis?

A

Medullary Cavity

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7
Q

what structure of the long bone is on the ends, made of spongy/soft bone, majority of the bone marrow is found here

A

Epiphysis

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8
Q

What stucture of the long bone is found on the outer surface of the epiphysis, made of hyaline, & helps decrease friction of a joint

A

Articular Cartilage

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9
Q

What part of the long bone has a strong membrane covering long bones & is a point of attachement for muscles and ligaments

A

Periosteum

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10
Q

what is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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11
Q

where does the periosteum not cover on the long bone

A

Joint surfaces

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12
Q

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is hard/dense

A

Compact Bones

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13
Q

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue contains microscopic unit called Haversian system

A

Compact Bones

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14
Q

What is the other name for Osteon

A

Haversian System

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15
Q

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is found in the shafts of the long bone

A

compact bone

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16
Q

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is less dense and is cancellous bone

A

Spongy Bones

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17
Q

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is does not have Haversian system, instead tissue is arranged in plates called Trabeculae

A

Spongy Bones

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18
Q

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is found on the ends of the long bones and in the center of other bones

A

Spongy Bones

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19
Q

Define

This process of cartilage and connective tissue changes into bone

A

Ossification

20
Q

Define

cells that build new bone

A

Osteoblasts

21
Q

Define

Cells that breakdown bone tissue, sculpting the inner bone

A

Osteoclasts

22
Q

Define

Another word for Bone cells

A

Osteocytes

23
Q

what is the epiphyseal plate composed of?

A

Zone of:
1. Resting Cartiliage
2. Proliferating Cartiliage
3. Hypertonic Cartiliage
4. Calcified Cartiliage

24
Q

How does longitudial growth occur for bones

A

cartilage next to the epiphyseal plate continues to multiply and grow towards the diaphysis

25
Q

Which type of bone growth take coordinated effort of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

A

Thickness growth

26
Q

This bone growth abnormality over-secretes hormone

A

gigantism

27
Q

This Bone growth under secretes growth hormone

A

Dwarfism

28
Q

what are the stages of bone repair

A
  1. Reactive Phase
  2. Reparative Phase
  3. Bone Remodeling
29
Q

at what stage of bone repair involves cartilage callus formation and when bony callus develops

A

Reparative Phase

30
Q

This type of fracture causes minimal tissue damage and overlying skin remain intact

A

Simple fracture

31
Q

This type of fracture is when bone pierces skin, extensive tissue damge, and infection is a concern

A

Compound fracture (open fracture)

32
Q

This type of fracture is an incomplete break and occurs in children

A

Green Stick Fracture

33
Q

This type of fracture the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into small pieces between two main fragments

A

Comminuted Fracture

34
Q

why does greenstick fractures happen to children most oftenly

A

their bones contains more organic material than inorganic, not fully ossified

35
Q

type of fracture that the open end is driven forcefully into the interior of the other end

A

Impacted Fracture

36
Q

This type of fracture is at the distal end of the fibula with distal tibial articulation damage

A

Pott fracture

37
Q

This fracture is at the distal end of the lateral forearm bone(radius) in which the distal fragments is displaced posteriorly

A

Colles

38
Q

This fracture is from the vertebral body of one or more vertebrae fractures and becomes compressed into a wedge-shape

A

Vertebral compression fracture

39
Q

What are some causes of vertebral compression fractures

A

Trauma
Injury
People with osteoporosis

40
Q

What are some concerns with femur fractures

A

Bleeding
Shock
Fat embolus *
Infection

41
Q

What are some concerns with rib fractures

A

Punctured lungs
Difficulty breathing
Cyanosis

42
Q

What are some concerns with vertebrae fractures

A

Spinal cord injury

43
Q

What are some concerns with skull fractures

A

Brain damage

44
Q

This substance helps control calcium levels by increasing blood calcium levels and removes it from the bone

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

45
Q

This substance helps calcium levels by lowering blood calcium levels and increases bone uptake

A

Calcitonin

46
Q

Inadequate calcification of the extracellular matrix usually caused by Vit D deficiency

A

Rickets/Osteomalacia

47
Q

Decreased bone density due to depletion of Ca++

A

Osteoporosis/Osteopenia

A&P I (13 decks)

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