Ch 6 The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body
206
how many bones do babies have in their body
over 300
what are the two minerals that are stored in bones
Calcium & Phosphorus
what is the function of the skeletal system?
- Produces blood cells
*Assists with movement - Protects
- Supports
What structure of the long bone is the “shaft” and made of compact/hard bone?
Diaphysis
what is the structure of the long bone that is a hollow area inside diaphysis?
Medullary Cavity
what structure of the long bone is on the ends, made of spongy/soft bone, majority of the bone marrow is found here
Epiphysis
What stucture of the long bone is found on the outer surface of the epiphysis, made of hyaline, & helps decrease friction of a joint
Articular Cartilage
What part of the long bone has a strong membrane covering long bones & is a point of attachement for muscles and ligaments
Periosteum
what is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
where does the periosteum not cover on the long bone
Joint surfaces
This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is hard/dense
Compact Bones
This type of Osseous (bone) tissue contains microscopic unit called Haversian system
Compact Bones
What is the other name for Osteon
Haversian System
This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is found in the shafts of the long bone
compact bone
This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is less dense and is cancellous bone
Spongy Bones
This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is does not have Haversian system, instead tissue is arranged in plates called Trabeculae
Spongy Bones
This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is found on the ends of the long bones and in the center of other bones
Spongy Bones
Define
This process of cartilage and connective tissue changes into bone
Ossification
Define
cells that build new bone
Osteoblasts
Define
Cells that breakdown bone tissue, sculpting the inner bone
Osteoclasts
Define
Another word for Bone cells
Osteocytes
what is the epiphyseal plate composed of?
Zone of:
1. Resting Cartiliage
2. Proliferating Cartiliage
3. Hypertonic Cartiliage
4. Calcified Cartiliage
How does longitudial growth occur for bones
cartilage next to the epiphyseal plate continues to multiply and grow towards the diaphysis
Which type of bone growth take coordinated effort of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
Thickness growth
This bone growth abnormality over-secretes hormone
gigantism
This Bone growth under secretes growth hormone
Dwarfism
what are the stages of bone repair
- Reactive Phase
- Reparative Phase
- Bone Remodeling
at what stage of bone repair involves cartilage callus formation and when bony callus develops
Reparative Phase
This type of fracture causes minimal tissue damage and overlying skin remain intact
Simple fracture
This type of fracture is when bone pierces skin, extensive tissue damge, and infection is a concern
Compound fracture (open fracture)
This type of fracture is an incomplete break and occurs in children
Green Stick Fracture
This type of fracture the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into small pieces between two main fragments
Comminuted Fracture
why does greenstick fractures happen to children most oftenly
their bones contains more organic material than inorganic, not fully ossified
type of fracture that the open end is driven forcefully into the interior of the other end
Impacted Fracture
This type of fracture is at the distal end of the fibula with distal tibial articulation damage
Pott fracture
This fracture is at the distal end of the lateral forearm bone(radius) in which the distal fragments is displaced posteriorly
Colles
This fracture is from the vertebral body of one or more vertebrae fractures and becomes compressed into a wedge-shape
Vertebral compression fracture
What are some causes of vertebral compression fractures
Trauma
Injury
People with osteoporosis
What are some concerns with femur fractures
Bleeding
Shock
Fat embolus *
Infection
What are some concerns with rib fractures
Punctured lungs
Difficulty breathing
Cyanosis
What are some concerns with vertebrae fractures
Spinal cord injury
What are some concerns with skull fractures
Brain damage
This substance helps control calcium levels by increasing blood calcium levels and removes it from the bone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
This substance helps calcium levels by lowering blood calcium levels and increases bone uptake
Calcitonin
Inadequate calcification of the extracellular matrix usually caused by Vit D deficiency
Rickets/Osteomalacia
Decreased bone density due to depletion of Ca++
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
