Ch 10 Muscular Tissue

Question 1

What is the function of the muscular system?

Answer 1

1. Produce movement
2. Stabilize Body Positions
3. Heat Production
4. Moves substances through the body

Question 2

Why type of muscle is voluntary and striated

Answer 2

Skeletal Muscle

Question 3

what type of muscle is inovluntary and nonstriated

Answer 3

Smooth muscle

Question 4

what type of muscle is involuntary and striated

Answer 4

Cardiac Muscle

Question 5

what are the 4 special properties of the muscular tissue

Answer 5

1. Electrical Excitability
2. Contractility
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity

Question 6

This location of the muscle tissue is the outer layer and encircles the enitre muscle

Answer 6

Epimysium

Question 7

This muscle tissue surrounds groups of 10 to 100 muscle fibers and creates muscle facicles

Answer 7

Perimysium

Question 8

This muscle tissue seperates each individual muscle fiber inside the fascicles

Answer 8

Endomysium

Question 9

This muscle tissue holds muscles with similar functions together

Answer 9

Fascia

Question 10

This muscle tissue helps attach muscles to bones and attaches to the periosteum

Answer 10

Tendon

Question 11

What is the plasma membrane of the muscle fibers called

Answer 11

Sarcolemma

Question 12

This muscle fiber component tunnels leading into the muscle fiber from sarcoplasm

Answer 12

T Tubules

Question 13

This muscle fiber component is the cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Answer 13

Sarcoplasm

Question 14

This muscle fiber component is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle

Answer 14

Myofibrils

Question 15

This muscle fiber component is a fluid filled sac that surrounds myofibrils and contains Calcium

Answer 15

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 16

This muscle fiber component contains small protein structures inside myofibrils, ex. Actin, Myosin

Answer 16

Filaments

Question 17

This muscle fiber component is a functional unit of skeletal muscles

Answer 17

Sarcomere

Question 18

This component of the sarcomere seperates the sarcomeres

Answer 18

Z Disc

Question 19

This component of the sarcomere is a thick filament completely and some of the thin filaments

Answer 19

A Band

Question 20

This component of the sarcomere is a thin filament only

Answer 20

I Band

Question 20

This component of the sarcomere is a thick filament only

Answer 20

H Band

Question 21

This component of the sarcomere is the middle of the sarcomere

Answer 21

M Line

Question 21

What are the two contractile proteins?

Answer 21

1. Actin
2. Myosin

Question 22

What are the regulatory Proteins?

Answer 22

1. Tropomyosin
2. Troponin

Question 23

4 Step Process for sliding filaments

Answer 23

1. Myosin Head is positioned through ATP Hydrolysis 2. Calcium binds with troponin which then removes tropomyosin away from mysoin, actin now binds with myosin 3. Power stroke 4. Actin detaches from mysin and tropomyosin reattaches

Question 24

What are the 4 steps of the neuromuscular Junction?

Answer 24

1. Release of Acetycholine (ACh) 2. Activation of ACh receptors 3. Action potential is produced 4. Termination of ACh activity

Question 25

What happens during the release of ACh

Answer 25

* Stimulation of the nerve causes an electrical signal to go to the nerve ending * Vesicles in the nerve ending contain ACh with its release

Question 26

What happens during the activation of ACh receptors?

Answer 26

* ACh fills space and receptors of muscle fibers (motor end plate) * The binding causes ion channels to open * Sodium floods in

Question 27

what happens during action potential production?

Answer 27

* as NA+ triggers action potential, the electrical signal moves along sarcolemma to the T Tubules, which leads to the sarcoplasmoc reticulum releasing Ca++

Question 28

what happens during the termination of ACh activity?

Answer 28

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh so receptors are inactivated, and sodium stops flooding in and stops action potential

Question 29

how does creatine phosphate make ATP

Answer 29

* Excess ATP transfers phosphate group to creatine (stores) * Then releases Phosphate group to ADP, creating ATP

Question 30

what is the first source of ATP?

Answer 30

Creatine phosphate

Question 31

During glycoloysis/krebs cycle glucose is broken down into what?

Answer 31

2 pyruvic acid molecules and 2 ATP molecules

Question 32

pyruvic acid + without oxygen =

Answer 32

Lactic Acid

Question 33

pyruvic acid + oxygen =

Answer 33

aerobic respiration (kreb cycle)

Question 34

Electron Tranport chain creates how many ATP molecules

Answer 34

30-32 per glucose

Question 35

Electron transport chain creates ATP fast or slow?

Answer 35

Slow

Question 36

What Type of contractile activity involves this  Sustained muscle contraction  No time for relaxation  Plays a role with posture

Answer 36

Tetanus

Question 37

What type of Type Contractile Activity involves this  Brief contraction of all muscle fibers of a motor unit by a single stimulus  Not very useful for accomplishing things

Answer 37

Twitch Contraction

Question 38

# Type of Contractile Activity that is a Normal state of partial muscle contraction

Answer 38

Muscle Tone

Question 39

this type of muscle contraction has an equal tension

Answer 39

Isotonic

Question 40

This type of muscle contraction shortens the muscle while contracting

Answer 40

Concentric

Question 41

This type of muscle contraction lengthens the muscle while contracting

Answer 41

Eccentric

Question 42

This type of muscle contraction is equal in length

Answer 42

Isometric

Question 43

This type of muscle fiber is : Dark red Slow Twitch Resistant to fatigue

Answer 43

Slow Oxidative

Question 44

This type of muscle fiber is : Dark red Faster than slow oxidative Mildly resistant to fatigue (walking and sprinting)

Answer 44

Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic

Question 45

This type of muscle fiber is : white in color (lacks myoglobin) Strong, quick contractions Very little endurance (weight lifting)

Answer 45

Fast Glycolytic

Question 46

This type of muscle use increases the muscle size due to overuse of the muscle

Answer 46

Hypertrophy

Question 47

This type of muscle use is when the muscle gets smaller from not being used (wastes away/being in a cast)

Answer 47

Atrophy

Question 48

This type of autoimmune disease damages the Nerve Muscular Joint receptor sites, impairs muscle contraction that leads to fatigue and weakness

Answer 48

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 49

This type of autoimmune disease is most common in boys due to the mutated gene on the X chromosome- life expectancy is 20 yrs old

Answer 49

Muscular Dystrophy