Ch 10 Muscular Tissue Flashcards
What is the function of the muscular system?
- Produce movement
- Stabilize Body Positions
- Heat Production
- Moves substances through the body
Why type of muscle is voluntary and striated
Skeletal Muscle
what type of muscle is inovluntary and nonstriated
Smooth muscle
what type of muscle is involuntary and striated
Cardiac Muscle
what are the 4 special properties of the muscular tissue
- Electrical Excitability
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
This location of the muscle tissue is the outer layer and encircles the enitre muscle
Epimysium
This muscle tissue surrounds groups of 10 to 100 muscle fibers and creates muscle facicles
Perimysium
This muscle tissue seperates each individual muscle fiber inside the fascicles
Endomysium
This muscle tissue holds muscles with similar functions together
Fascia
This muscle tissue helps attach muscles to bones and attaches to the periosteum
Tendon
What is the plasma membrane of the muscle fibers called
Sarcolemma
This muscle fiber component tunnels leading into the muscle fiber from sarcoplasm
T Tubules
This muscle fiber component is the cytoplasm of muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
This muscle fiber component is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle
Myofibrils
This muscle fiber component is a fluid filled sac that surrounds myofibrils and contains Calcium
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
This muscle fiber component contains small protein structures inside myofibrils, ex. Actin, Myosin
Filaments
This muscle fiber component is a functional unit of skeletal muscles
Sarcomere
This component of the sarcomere seperates the sarcomeres
Z Disc
This component of the sarcomere is a thick filament completely and some of the thin filaments
A Band
This component of the sarcomere is a thin filament only
I Band
This component of the sarcomere is a thick filament only
H Band
This component of the sarcomere is the middle of the sarcomere
M Line
What are the two contractile proteins?
- Actin
- Myosin
What are the regulatory Proteins?
- Tropomyosin
- Troponin
4 Step Process for sliding filaments
- Myosin Head is positioned through ATP Hydrolysis
- Calcium binds with troponin which then removes tropomyosin away from mysoin, actin now binds with myosin
- Power stroke
- Actin detaches from mysin and tropomyosin reattaches
What are the 4 steps of the neuromuscular Junction?
- Release of Acetycholine (ACh)
- Activation of ACh receptors
- Action potential is produced
- Termination of ACh activity
What happens during the release of ACh
- Stimulation of the nerve causes an electrical signal to go to the nerve ending
- Vesicles in the nerve ending contain ACh with its release
What happens during the activation of ACh receptors?
- ACh fills space and receptors of muscle fibers (motor end plate)
- The binding causes ion channels to open
- Sodium floods in
what happens during action potential production?
- as NA+ triggers action potential, the electrical signal moves along sarcolemma to the T Tubules, which leads to the sarcoplasmoc reticulum releasing Ca++
what happens during the termination of ACh activity?
Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh so receptors are inactivated, and sodium stops flooding in and stops action potential
how does creatine phosphate make ATP
- Excess ATP transfers phosphate group to creatine (stores)
- Then releases Phosphate group to ADP, creating ATP
what is the first source of ATP?
Creatine phosphate
During glycoloysis/krebs cycle glucose is broken down into what?
2 pyruvic acid molecules and 2 ATP molecules
pyruvic acid + without oxygen =
Lactic Acid
pyruvic acid + oxygen =
aerobic respiration (kreb cycle)
Electron Tranport chain creates how many ATP molecules
30-32 per glucose
Electron transport chain creates ATP fast or slow?
Slow
What Type of contractile activity involves this
Sustained muscle contraction
No time for relaxation
Plays a role with posture
Tetanus
What type of Type Contractile Activity involves this
Brief contraction of all muscle fibers of a motor unit by a single stimulus
Not very useful for accomplishing things
Twitch Contraction
Type of Contractile Activity that is a
Normal state of partial muscle contraction
Muscle Tone
this type of muscle contraction has an equal tension
Isotonic
This type of muscle contraction shortens the muscle while contracting
Concentric
This type of muscle contraction lengthens the muscle while contracting
Eccentric
This type of muscle contraction is equal in length
Isometric
This type of muscle fiber is :
Dark red
Slow Twitch
Resistant to fatigue
Slow Oxidative
This type of muscle fiber is :
Dark red
Faster than slow oxidative
Mildly resistant to fatigue (walking and sprinting)
Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic
This type of muscle fiber is :
white in color (lacks myoglobin)
Strong, quick contractions
Very little endurance (weight lifting)
Fast Glycolytic
This type of muscle use increases the muscle size due to overuse of the muscle
Hypertrophy
This type of muscle use is when the muscle gets smaller from not being used (wastes away/being in a cast)
Atrophy
This type of autoimmune disease damages the Nerve Muscular Joint receptor sites, impairs muscle contraction that leads to fatigue and weakness
Myasthenia Gravis
This type of autoimmune disease is most common in boys due to the mutated gene on the X chromosome- life expectancy is 20 yrs old
Muscular Dystrophy
