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A&P I > Ch 12 Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Ch 12 Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Interpretation
  3. Motor function
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2
Q

what composes the CNS?

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
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3
Q

What composes the PNS?

A
  1. Any nerve outside the CNS
  2. ANS (autonomic nervous system)
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4
Q

what does the ANS compose of?

A
  1. Sympathetic Nervous System
  2. Parasympathethic Nervous System
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5
Q

what are the cells of the nervous system?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Neuroglia
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6
Q

what type of neuron is sensory

A

They are afferent - because they are affected from stimulation

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7
Q

what type of neuron are interneurons?

A

Connecting neurons- they cause the signals between afferent and efferent nerves to communicate

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8
Q

what type of neurons are motor neurons?

A

they are efferent - because they cause an effect to set in motion

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9
Q

This part of the axon is where storage for the chemical Ach is found

A

Axon Terminal

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10
Q

This part of the axon is the covering or layer of white fatty material that protects and insulates the nerve fiber and increases speed of transmission

A

Myelin Sheath

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11
Q

This part of the axon is the gaps inbetween the myelin sheath and allow for impulses to travel quicker

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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12
Q

what are the neuroglia cells of the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal Cells
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13
Q

what are the neuroglia of the PNS

A
  1. Schwann Cells
  2. Satelite Cells
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14
Q

what is the purpose of the neuroglia?

A

Support, Protect and nourish the neurons
does not conduct nerve impusle

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15
Q

This neuroglia prevents blood toxins from entering the nervous system; BBB

A

Astrocytes

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16
Q

This neuroglia is small than astrocytes

A

Microglia

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17
Q

This neuroglia helps hold nerve fibers together & creates myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

This neuroglia lines the indisde of the ventricles of the brain and spinal canal and produces CSF

A

Ependymal Cells

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19
Q

This type of neurogila is surrounded by fat cells around the cell body and provides structural support

A

Satellite cells

20
Q

This type of neurogila forms the myelin sheath that is wrapped around the axon

A

Schwann Cells

21
Q

where is it hard for the neurons to regenerate?

A

Central Nervous System

22
Q

which type of neuron allows for the nerve to somewhat regenerate?

A

Schwann Cells

23
Q

what is neurolemma?

A

the myelin sheath that is wrapped around the axon

24
Q

What matter has myelinated fibers and is found in both the CNS and PNS

A

White matter

25
Q

what matter consist of cell bodies, interneurons, and unmyelinated fibers?

A

Gray Matter

26
Q

Where is gray matter found in the PNS?

A

Ganglia

27
Q

Where is gray matter found in the CNS?

A

Nuclei

28
Q

what happens to the charge inside of the cell when depolarization ?

A

the cells becomes positive from Na++ enters

29
Q

what happens to the charge inside of the cell from repolarization

A

the cell becomes negative again from K++ reentering

30
Q

what is refractory period?

A

short period of time when neuron is unresponsive to any stimuli and cannot depolarize

31
Q

what is the charge inside the cell during resting membrane potential

A

negative from K++

32
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

allows fast movement along the myelinated axons as it allows leaps from one Node of Ranvier to the next.

33
Q

what is the synaptic cleft?

A

where the presynaptic cleft and postsynaptic cleft meet but don’t touch

34
Q

what is the presynaptic cleft

A

anything before the axon terminal and up the neuron

35
Q

This type of neural circuit is when presynaptic neuron influences several postsynaptic neurons

A

Diverging Circuits

36
Q

This type of neural circuit is when several presynaptic neurons synapse with one specific postsynaptic neuron

A

Converging Circuit

37
Q

This type of neural circuit is when a presynaptic neuron causes the postsynaptic neuron to send a series of nerve impulses

A

Reverberating Circuit

38
Q

This type of neural circuit is when a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, each of which
synapses with a common postsynaptic cell

A

Parallel After-Discharge Circuits

39
Q

What is an example of Diverging circuits

A

several muscle fibers

40
Q

what is an example of converging circuits

A

Receptor neuron receiving information from several muscle fibers

41
Q

what is an example of reverberating circuits

A

Breathing

42
Q

what is an example of parallel after-discharge circuits

A

quick succession of activities (critical thinking such as
mathematical calculations)

43
Q

what causes the central nervous system to repair itself slow or if it happens at all?

A

Lack of neurolemma

44
Q

what helps the PNS to regenerate and repair itself?

A

schwann cells and the neurolemma

45
Q

what type of neural circuit could be the cause of epilepsy

A

Abnormal reverberating circuits

46
Q

what are the 4 possible causes of epilepsy?

A
  1. Brain Damage
  2. Toxins
  3. Metabolic Disturbance (glucose levels)
  4. Infections

A&P I (13 decks)

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