Ch 6- Stages of learning & Measurement Flashcards
what are the 3 stages of learning?
1) cognitive stage (beginner)
2) associative stage (intermeditate)
3) autonomous stage (expert)
what is part of the cognitive stage?
new motor skill
develops an understanding
attempts numerous techniques
reformulates past experiences
needs guidance from pactitioner
what is part of the associative stage?
refining one movement pattern
more consistent
detects errors
creates strategies to eliminate errors
needs constructive practice
needs effective feedback
what is part of the autonomous stage?
performs proficiently
multiple tasks simultaneously
consistent and confident
detects and corrects errors
may be unmotiviated if slow improvement
practitioner serves as motivator
what are some way to detect improvements in movement pattern?
increase in coordination and control
more fluid muscle activity
more efficient energy expenditure
increased consistency
less freezing of degrees of freedom (more sequential joint use)
what are some ways to detect improvement on focusing attention?
thinking:
lower concious attention
shift robotic appearance to smooth, free flowing and effortless
can focus on strategy
vision:
skilled = attention only relevant
beginners = cant discriminate between relevant and irrelevant
skilled = fact reaction, prediction, and respone
what are some ways to detect improvement with knowledge and memory?
more knowledge about the skill
have declarative memories = rules
have procedural memories = what to do in a given situation
what are the some ways to detect improvement for error detection and correction?
1) exteroceptive feedback
2) proprioceptive feedback
what is exteroceptive feedback?
stimuli outside the body about the environment
what is proprioceptive feedback?
feedback form receptors in the muscles, joints, ear
what are some wayst to indicate improvement in the learner’s self confidence?
a skill increases confidence in ability
as confidence increases, the motivation to improve increases
must allow learner to have success over every practice
what is a retention test?
measures the persistence of imprrove skill performance
what is a transfer test?
measures the degree to which a learner can adapt a skill to a different performance situation
what are performance plateaus and why do they occur?
period of time during the learning process when no obvious changes in performance occur
why:
transitional period
fatigue
anxiety
lack of motiviation
limitations in type of performance measurement being used
