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LS 2 > Ch 6, 7: Membranes > Flashcards

Ch 6, 7: Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Integral proteins

A

Proteins that are in contact with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the membrane
Amino acids penetrate of entirely cross the phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Proteins found on one side of the membrane

Lack exposed hydrophobic groups

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3
Q

Glycolipids

A

Carbohydrate-bound lipids

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4
Q

Desmosomes

A

Structural support
“Spot welds”
Hold the cells in place and together

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5
Q

Tight junctions

A

Two proteins put together at a junction
Prevents the flow of anything between cells and leakage
Keeps things moving through the cell

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6
Q

Gap junctions

A

Spread action potential (ions), which changes the charge
Facilitates sharing of small substances (ions)
Formed with connexons
Evens out resting potential

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7
Q

Connexons

A

Small membrane proteins

Put together to make a channel between two cells with gap junctions

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8
Q

Permeability

A

How substances move through the protein portion of the membrane

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9
Q

Protein channel

A

Protein on the membrane that permeated to ions
Simple diffusion
Quaternary proteins

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10
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across membranes
Passive process
Solute concentration determines water amount

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11
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Same amount of solute compared to the intracellular fluid

Water will not move in out out

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12
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

High solute (low water) compared to the intracellular fluid
Water will move out of the cell
Cell will shrink

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13
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Low solute (high water) compared to the intracellular fluid
Water will move inside the cell
Can cause the cell to eventually burst

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14
Q

Voltage Gated Channels

A

Change in ionic charge causes the channels to open

Found in excitable cells

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15
Q

Stretch Gated Channels

A

Channels that open only when there is a change in shape of a membrane
Mechanical

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16
Q

Phosphorylation Gated Channels

A

Chemical

17
Q

Ligand Gated Channels

A

Channel opens the receptor when the ligand binds

Ex. neurotransmitter

18
Q

Mediated transport

A

Used to transport molecules larger than ions against their gradient
Special proteins are embedded within the membrane
Highly specific and requires a conformational change
Molecule binds to the pore of the transporter

19
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Proceeds from high to low concentration - energetically favorable
Passive transport
Requires a conformational change

20
Q

Passive transport

A

.

21
Q

Active transport

A

Requires the expenditure of energy
Ions are moved across the membrane against their concentration
Requires a transport

22
Q

Uniport transporters

A

Moves a single type of solute

Ex. specific ion channels

23
Q

Symport transporters

A

Moves two solutes in the same direction

Ex. Na+/Glucose pump

24
Q

Antiport transporters

A

Moves two solutes in opposite directions

Ex. Na+/K+ pump

25
Q

Primary active transport

A

Directly requires ATP
Pumps - work against concentration gradient
Only cations can pass
Ex. Na+/K+ pump

26
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Indirectly requires ATP
Facilitated diffusion, made possible by active transport
Coupled transporter
Ex. Na/Glucose co-transporter

27
Q

Na/Glucose co-transporter

A

Glucose moves against concentration gradient inside the cell
Movement of glucose at the expense of sodium
Na+/K+ pump uses ATP to filter out Na+
Symport
Found in cells of the digestive system and the nephron kidneys

28
Q

Endocytosis

A

Brings macromolecules into the cell
Plasma membrane invaginates toward the cell interior and engulfed the macromolecule
Molecule binds to the membrane, which pinches it off inside the cell
Requires a lot of energy

29
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Hormone comes and binds to the membrane
Buds off via endocytosis
Can have an effect on the nucleus

30
Q

Exocytosis

A

Materials packages in vesicles and are secreted from the cell
Vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma membrane and releases vesicle contents into the surroundings
Requires a lot of energy

31
Q

Vesicles

A

A part of the plasma membrane that has been pinched off inside the cell

32
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Enzymes in the cell - phagocytes
Lysosomes fuse to the vesicle and break down the contents
Release waste via exocytosis

33
Q

Adenylyl cyclase (AC)

A

An effector molecule that converts ATP to cAMP

Activated by alpha subunit on G protein

34
Q

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

A

Molecule that activated protein kinase A

35
Q

Protein Kinase A

A

Enzyme that phosphorylates a particular protein

LS 2 (14 decks)

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