Ch 52: Excretory System

Question 1

Why is the excretory system needed?

Answer 1

To maintain homeostasis of extracellular fluid

Question 2

Function of the excretory system

Answer 2

To control solute concentration and composition of extracellular fluid by secreting excess solute, conserving valuable solutes or those in short supply, and eliminating toxic wastes

Question 3

Nephrons

Answer 3

Basic functional unit of the kidney that filters out negative things in blood to get the right composition

Question 4

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 4

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Question 5

Renal tube

Answer 5

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Question 6

Glomerulus

Answer 6

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Question 7

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 7

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Question 8

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 8

Filters about 5%
Fine tunes the ionic composition
Abundant ion transporters

Question 9

Proximal convolutes tubule

Answer 9

Actively transports sodium, glucose, and amino acids into the interstitial fluid
Abundant in aquaporins

Question 10

Loop of Henle

Answer 10

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Question 11

Collecting duct

Answer 11

Loses water due to concentration gradient

Question 12

Aquaporins

Answer 12

Water channels

Question 13

Renal failure

Answer 13

Salt and water retention -> high blood pressure
Urea retention -> uremic poisoning
Decreasing pH -> acidosis