Ch 42: Immunology Flashcards
Main functions of the immune system
Protects against infection and microbes
Isolates and removes non-microbial foreign substances
Pathogens
Invade because of an unlimited source of food/energy
Main objective is to get into blood circulation
Ex. parasites, bacteria, protists, fungi, viruses, etc.
Viruses
Non living pathogens
Neutrophils
Most abundant phagocytic cells
Engulfs pathogens and releases chemicals to kill the bacteria
Cytokines
Alarming chemicals
Send a siren throughout the body about an infection
Vasodilators
Cells that increase the size of the blood vessel
Allows more immune cells to get to the site quicker
Chemotaxins
Chemo attractants
Chemicals that tell immune cells exactly where to go
Mast cells
No direct contact with pathogen
Release histamine as an inflammation response
Raise alarm in the body and recruit other immune cells
B Lymphocytes
No direct contact with pathogen
Transform into plasma cells and release antibodies into circulation
Form memory cells
Memory cells
Cells that remember previous bacteria that have attacked the immune system
With increased contact, it takes less time to destroy them
Cytotoxic T cells
Release perforin and granzymes
Induce apoptosis
Histamine
Causes vasodilation
Increases blood flow to an infected area
Causes redness and swelling
Selectin
.
Margination
.
Integrin
.
