Ch 47: Mammalian Nervous System

Question 1

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain + spinal cord
Receives somatic and visceral information
Sends efferent commands

Question 2

Afferent PNS

Answer 2

Sensations to the brain - hearing, seeing, tasting, temperature, etc.

Question 3

Efferent PNS

Answer 3

Commands from the brain
Somatic to skeletal muscles
Autonomic to cardiac and smooth muscles

Question 4

Visceral stimuli

Answer 4

Sensation from organs

Ex. stomach, lung, and heart activities

Question 5

Sympathetic (PNS)

Answer 5

Major activity in the body

“Fight or flight”

Question 6

Parasympathetic (PNS)

Answer 6

Relaxation

“Rest and digest”

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

Excitable cells

Question 8

Glial cells

Answer 8

Support cells in the brain

Outnumber neurons by 10x

Question 9

Ependymal cells

Answer 9

Cells that release fluid inside and around the brain

Question 10

Astrocytes

Answer 10

Cells that maintain the chemical environment of the brain
Form a barrier
Regulate the synapse
Important for getting glucose into the brain

Question 11

Microglial cells

Answer 11

Brain cells that help in immunity and protection

Clear anything that is unwanted

Question 12

CSF

Answer 12

Fluid between the brain and skull
Bathes and nourished the brain
Acts as a shock absorber

Question 13

The brain

Answer 13

Nervous tissue within the skull
Number of synapse formations matter more than size
Neuron connections are constantly changing
356 areas
Contralateral

Question 14

Frontal lobe

Answer 14

Responsible for precise movement
Planning and execution area
Involves inhibition and excitation

Question 15

Parietal lobe

Answer 15

Responsible for sensation

Question 16

Temporal lobe

Answer 16

Responsible for auditory information

Question 17

Occipital lobe

Answer 17

Responsible for vision

Question 18

Premotor cortex

Answer 18

Frontal lobe
Sends out commands
Muscles send feedback back to this area

Question 19

Primary motor cortex

Answer 19

Frontal lobe
Responsible for planning
Motor homunculus

Question 20

Prefrontal association cortex

Answer 20

Frontal lobe
Responsible for very complex movement and thinking
Complex tasks and cognitive functions

Question 21

Brocca’s area

Answer 21

Frontal lobe
Responsible for speech initiation
Act of talking and speech formation

Question 22

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 22

Parietal lobe
Receives info
Conscious awareness of general somatic senses
Precisely localizes the stimulus received
Spatial discrimination
Sensory homunculus

Question 23

Wernicke’s area

Answer 23

Parietal lobe
Responsible for listening and understanding language
Speech comprehension
Overlaps in temporal lobe

Question 24

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 24

Temporal lobe

Where we interpret hearing information

Question 25

Primary visual cortex

Answer 25

Occipital lobe | Where we interpret visual information

Question 26

Thalamus

Answer 26

"Relay station" for all synaptic input Where raw sensory info comes into before being routed Motor control

Question 27

Hypothalamus

Answer 27

Homeostasis (temp control, thirst, urine output, food, etc.) Endocrine system role Regulation of sleep-wake cycle Formation of memory

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

"Mini brain" Maintenance of balance Coordination and planning of skilled voluntary muscle activities Ispilateral

Question 29

Cerebrum

Answer 29

Cortex | Lots of motor neurons

Question 30

Seizure

Answer 30

Uncontrolled firing of action potentials in the brain

Question 31

Contralateral Neglect Syndrome

Answer 31

Damage to front parietal lobe | Patient consciously chooses to ignore the left side of the body as if it doesn't exist

Question 32

Split Brain

Answer 32

Severing of the corpus callosum | Done to stop seizures from spreading to other side of the brain

Question 33

Stroke

Answer 33

Cerebral vascular accident | Inefficient amount of oxygen to the brain due to too much fat or high blood vessels