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LS 2 > Ch 41: Animal Hormones > Flashcards

Ch 41: Animal Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones

A

A chemical signal that enters the blood and activates targeted cells far from the site of release
Secreted by endocrine cells
Released by neurohormones

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2
Q

Peptide/Protein hormones

A

Water-soluable (hydrophilic)
Easily transportable in blood
Receptors are on the cell’s surface
Ex. insulin

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3
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Cholesterol
Lipid soluble
Needs carrier proteins in the blood
Intracellular receptors

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4
Q

Amine hormones

A

Mostly synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine
Can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble
Ex. Epinephrine and Thyroxine

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5
Q

Fight or flight response

A 
Response to fear or danger
Heartbeat gets faster and stronger
Blood vessels in the digestive tract constrict throughout the body
Liver releases glucose
Fat releases fattty acids
Epinephrine mediates the response
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6
Q

Secretary organs

A

Endocrine glands that can secrete multiple hormones

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7
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Increases water retention by the kidneys

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8
Q

Oxytocin

A

Promotes bonding

Stimulates contractions and milk flow

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9
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

Extension of the hypothalamus

Doesn’t have cells that secrete hormones

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10
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Only secretes neurohormones when the hypothalamus says

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11
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Found around the neck

Produces and stores thyroxine and calcitonin

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12
Q

Thyroxine

A

Regulates metabolism

Important for development and growth

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13
Q

Calcitonin

A

Maintains calcium levels

Stimulates the incorporation of calcium into bone

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14
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Released by the hypothalamus
Stimulates the anterior pituitary

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15
Q

TSH

A

Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone)
Released by the anterior pituitary
Stimulates the thyroid

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16
Q

Goiter

A

An enlarged thyroid gland

Caused by both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

17
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Caused by an excess of thyroxine
Antibody-binding activated TSH receptors on the thyroid and increases thyroxine
Thyroid is continually stimulated

18
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Thyroxine deficiency
Reduced metabolic rate
Main cause - iodine deficiency
Thyroid enlarges to compensate low thyroxine

19
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Cortex + medulla

20
Q

Cortisol

A

Mediates metabolic response to stress

Secreted by the cortex

21
Q

Aldosterone

A

Salt water balance

Secreted by the adrenal cortex

22
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

Secreted by the medulla

23
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Noradrendaline
Fight or flight response
Secreted by the medulla

24
Q

Beta cells

A

Produce insulin

25
Q

Alpha cells

A

Produce glucagon

26
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates liver to convert glycogen to glucose

27
Q

Delta cells

A

Produce somatostatin

28
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon

29
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Too much glucose in blood and urine
Increase urine output and dehydration
Can cause numerous health complications

30
Q

Type I Diabetes

A

Lack of insulin caused by beta cell dysfunction

An autoimmune disease - the body attacks beta cells

31
Q

Type II Diabetes

A

Insulin responsiveness deficiency

32
Q

Androgens

A

Male hormones

33
Q

Estrogens and progesterone

A

Female hormones

Synthesized from testosterone by aromatase

34
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Stimulates the anterior pituitary during testosterone regulation

35
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

Secreted by the anterior pituitary
Stimulates the ovary
Involved in testosterone overuse in women

36
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Secreted by the anterior pituitary
Stimulates the ovary
Involved in testosterone overuse in women

37
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

…

38
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

…

LS 2 (14 decks)

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