Ch. 54: Radius & Ulna Flashcards
Muroi VCOT 2021PQ
A retrospective study of postoperative development of implant-induced osteoporosis in radial-ulnar fractures in toy breed dogs treated with plate fixation
- Measured what to look for IIO / bone density? PQ
- What change in value indicated IIO?
- Implant induced osteoporosis IIO found post-op when? Persisted in what age group? PQ
- PVR increased in what age group after how many months post-op? What procedure increased PVR?
Conclusion re: IIO & bone recovery?
PQ What group differences? Which implant least likely to cause it? How did they evaluate bone density?
- pixel value ratio (PVR) represented the bone mineral areal density based on the humeral condyle (indicated bone mineral content)
Decrease in PVR = consistent with IIO (loss of bone mineral density)
*There was a significant decrease in the PVR at 1 to 12 months postoperatively for all cases.
*Implants: There were not any significant differences in PVR of antebrachial fractures between those repaired with plates using locking head or cortical screws (& presence of an implant had no effect on the PVR)
*Age: Implant-induced osteoporosis persisted at 1 to 12 months postoperatively in dogs aged ≧6 months, while the PVR increased after 3 months in dogs aged <6 months.
*Destabilization: Based on the destabilization method, there was a significant increase in the PVR at 3 months in the plate removal group.
Conclusion: This study suggests that IIO occurs in small dogs treated with plates and screws.
Moreover, patients aged < 6 months showed an early postoperative recovery of bone mineral areal density. Further, screw and plate removal could contribute to the recovery of bone mineral areal density.
Higuchi JSAP 2021
Clinical outcomes of orthogonal plating to treat radial and ulnar fractures in toy-breed dogs
Conclusion?
- 15 primary repairs, 5 revisions
- Healed in 19 limbs at final follow-up
- Synostosis in 1 limb
- Refracture after cranial plate removal in one case (69 days after removal)
Revised and radial fracture healed but there was persistent ulnar resorption
All dogs exhibited successful return of normal limb function at the final clinical/radiographic follow up
- 15/15 cases all doing great at long-term follow up
Conclusion: Orthogonal Plating allowed the successful open reduction of radial and ulnar fractures, facilitating bone union in both the radius and ulna and a return to normal limb function in a series of toy-breed dogs.
Sirin VCOT 2020
Antebrachial angular deformities using Computer-Assisted Hexapod External Fixator Systems in Dogs
What can hexapod frames correct?
Define latent and consolidation period
conclusion?
investigate the applicability of computer-assisted hexapod fixators in dogs and to consider the advantages and disadvantages during implementation.
- Hexapod frames can be used to correct angular, torsional and translational deformities simultaneously.
(latent period ranged from 3 to 20 days,
the correction period ranged from 7 to 20 days
the consolidation period ranged from 39 to 81 days.)
- latent = time after placement of esf before starting distraction
- consolidation = time interval between cessation of distraction and ESF removal
- hexapod special fixators can be used in dogs with complex antebrachial deformities.
Clinical significance: The ability to perform six axes correction at the same time has a considerable advantage, especially in dogs with complex antebrachial deformities. It is practical to use this fixation system in dogs with antebrachial deformities.
Seguin Vet Sx 2019
Lateral manus translation for limb-sparing surgery in 18 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma in dogs
- procedure performed?
- % radius removed?
- complication rate? most common comp?
Manus translated laterally to place radial carpal bone in contact with distal ulna & limb-sparing or LCP plate placed on proximal radius & 3rd metacarpal bone
3.5 mm SOP placed on lateral proximal ulna & 4th metacarpal bone
% of radius removed ranged 43-94% (median 54%)
Complications developed in 12 limbs (67%) w/ infection in 10 - MC, biomechanical complications in 6, & local recurrence in 4
Limb function was subjectively assessed as acceptable
Median DFI 219d & MST 370 d (all causes) vs MST 394 d for death related to OSA
Atamna Vet Sx 2021
The effect of the interosseous ligament and selected antebrachiocarpal ligaments on rotation of the radius during extension of the carpus
- difference in mean max internal rotation with all lig intact vs transection of IO lig?
- diff bw transecting io lig vs short radial collat lig on int rotation?
- effect of transecting the palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments?
- conclusion re: io lig?
Mean maximal internal rotation (5.94) with all ligaments intact was significantly greater than the mean maximal internal rotation of the radius (3.13) after transecting the interosseous ligament
Transecting the interosseous ligament subsequent to one of the other ligaments caused a decrease in internal radial rotation
Transecting the short radial collateral ligament caused an increase in radial rotation
Transecting the palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments had no effect on radial rotation
–> The interosseous ligament was stretched with internal rotation of the radius due to carpal extension. Carpal flexion resulted in external rotation of the radius. This effect was lost when the interosseus ligament was transected.
Duncan JAVMA 2023
Assessment of normal radial joint orientation angles in nonchondrodystrophic small-breed dogs
- To establish reference intervals for radial joint orientation angles in the frontal and sagittal planes in small-breed dogs and to compare them to those previously reported for medium- and large-breed dogs.
what is aCrPRA?
what is aCdDRA?
#s for each?
significance of these #s?
Antebrachii of 30 skeletally mature, nonchondrodystrophic small-breed dogs
(Mean and SD values for
anatomic medial proximal radial angle = 81°
anatomic lateral distal radial angle = 86°
The mean for frontal plane angle = 4.8°
θ angle = 12°
Procurvatum = 17°)
aCrPRA = 88°
anatomic cranial proximal radial angle
aCdDRA = 83°
anatomic caudal distal radial angle
–> aCrPRA and aCdDRA were significantly different when compared to previously reported radial joint angles for medium- and large-breed dogs.
This small-breed reference interval reported can be utilized in planning of radial angular limb deformity corrective surgery, particularly when dogs are bilaterally affected.
