Ch. 101: Larynx Flashcards
Von Pfeil JAVMA 2018
Congenital laryngeal paralysis in Alaskan Huskies: 25 cases (2009-2014)
common PE findings?
Mode of inheritance?
Profoundly dyspneic at birth or collapsed after exercise – severely affected
Blue eyes 92%, white facial markings76%, oral mucosal tags or tissue bands 52%
Pedigree - autosomal recessive of CLP inheritance variable penetrance
DeGroot Vet Sx 2020
Examination of laryngeal function of healthy dogs by using sedation protocols with dexmedetomidine
recommended sedatives?
which can produce false results?
Dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with opioids was an effective sedation protocol for laryngeal examination, producing sufficient immobilization to prevent jaw motion and without affecting arytenoid abduction
Laryngeal examination with propofol alone can produce false positive results.
Rishniw JVIM 2021
Effect of doxepin on quality of life in labradors with laryngeal paralysis: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
results of O QOL survey?
Owner-assessed quality of life measures did not differ between the dogs receiving doxepin or placebo
Dogs receiving placebo had a greater improvement in client-assessed overall health than dogs receiving doxepin
Johnson JVIM 2021
Results of owner questionnaires describing long-term outcome in Norwich terriers with upper airway syndrome: 2011-2018
Worse scores in dogs that had surgery performed
Age at follow-up was weakly associated with worse QOL
No association between NTUAS and QOL scores
McNamara VSURG 2022
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy (TEA) in canine cadavers
feasible? increase rim glottis?
rima glottis area (RGA) and laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal (LEGS)
TEA was technically feasible and resulted in an increase in RGA while maintaining the LEGS
Touzet VRU 2023
Prospective analytical cross-sectional study
Assessment of survey radiography as a method of diagnosing bilateral laryngeal paralysis in dogs
what appears wider?
cut-off values to support or rule out bilateral lar-par?
laryngeal ventricles may appear wider in affected animals
Three observers measured the ratios of the maximal ventricular length and surface to the body length of the third cervical vertebra (MVL/LC3 and VS/LC3, respectively). Based on ROC curve analysis, two thresholds of clinical interest were set for the MVL/LC3; bilateral laryngeal paralysis was very unlikely for values < 0.3 and very likely for values > 0.5.
Bonanno JFMS 2023
Evaluation of two unilateral laryngoplasty techniques and their effect on arytenoid cartilage abduction in cats
difference in outcome?
Left cricoarytenoid abduction (lateralisation) was performed in 20 ex vivo cat larynges. 10 following complete cricoarytenoid disarticulation (group LAA-dis). 10 following no cricoarytenoid disarticulation (group LAA-nodis)
Clinical significance of the difference in outcome between left cricoarytenoid abduction following complete cricoarytenoid disarticulation vs no cricoarytenoid disarticulation remains unclear
Riggs Vet Sx 2019
Validation of exercise testing and laryngeal auscultation for grading BOAS in pugs, Frenchies, and English bulldogs by using whole-body barometric plethysmography
sensitivity of exam pre-ET, walk, trot?
sensitivity of stridor pre-ET vs post?
The sensitivity of clinical examination for BOAS diagnosis was 56.7% pre-ET, 70% after a 5-minute walk test, and 93.3% after a 3-minute trot test.
The sensitivity of laryngeal stridor as a predictor of laryngeal collapse was improved after exercise (70%) compared with before exercise (60%). Specificity of laryngeal stridor for laryngeal collapse was 100% (pre-exercise and postexercise.1
Sakai Vet Sx 2021 PQ
Influence of doxapram and intermittent 10% carbon dioxide inspiration on cardiovascular and laryngeal functions in anesthetized dogs
tx groups?
results of tx?
side effects?
what substance was inhaled that helped with movement? PQ
0.55 mg/kg (low dose doxapram; L-DOX) and 2.2 mg/kg (high dose doxapram; H-DOX) or 90s of inhalation of 10% carbon dioxide in oxygen
inspiratory normalized glottic gap areas (iNGGA) increased with all treatments
All treatments were effective respiratory stimulants, but doxapram caused hypertension and tachycardia
- Carbon dioxide inhalation might improve arytenoid motion *
Drudi Vet Sx 2022
Comparison of immediate and short-term outcomes of cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid lateralization in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis
clinical difference?
No associated clinical difference between the two procedures
Clarke VSURG 2022
**Prospective
Severity of nasopharyngeal collapse before and after corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs
improvement?
Surgery did not improve the reduction in dorsoventral diameter of the nasopharynx during respiration in brachycephalic dogs (n = 11) postoperatively (p = .0505
Mullins Vet Sx 2019
Intraoperative and major postoperative complications and survival of dogs undergoing surgical management of epiglottic retroversion: 50 dogs (2003-2017)
intra-op complications?
post-op complications?
% alive long term?
Intraoperative complications in 2.6% procedures
36 major postop complications in 48.7% procedures. Epiglottopexy failure most common postop major complication.
60% dogs alive at median 928 d
Vincenti Vet Sx 2021
Total laryngectomy in a cat with a laryngeal peripheral nerve sheath tumor
procedure performed?
2nd surgery?
follow-up?
Total laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy performed
Surgical revision of the tracheostomy due to obstructive granulation tissue 24 days post-op
13 months post-op, cat is alive with good quality of life with no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis on CT scan
Dixon JSAP 2020
Infiltrative laryngeal disease in dogs
types of disease and follow up?
13 dogs had inflammatory disease
1 dog had large cell lymphoma and 1 had MCT
Follow-up inflammatory
- 4 had full recovery
- 1 dog acute leukemia 2 months later
- 5 dogs had recurrence of clinical signs
Follow-up cancer
- Lymphoma euthanized 8 months
- MCT died 5 months
Moser JFMS 2022
Partial laryngectomy for the management of laryngeal masses in six cats
etiology of masses?
short/long complications?
survival?
lymphoma (n=3), carcinoma (n=1), laryngeal cyst (n=1) and inflammatory laryngeal disease (n=1).
4/6 had varying degrees of respiratory distress in the short-term. Temp trach in 2
No other complications in short or long term
4 cats survived at least 252 days
