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Biology 2 > Ch. 54 > Flashcards

Ch. 54 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the interactions among living things?

A

Biotic interactions

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2
Q

What are the reactions between organisms and their nonliving environment?

A

Abiotic interactions

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3
Q

Environmental science is the application of ______ to the real world

A

Ecology

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4
Q

What is the type of ecology where organisms are physiologically adapted to their environment and the environment impacts species distribution?

A

Physiological ecology

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5
Q

What is the type of ecology where individual behavior contributes to the survival and reproductive success?

A

Behavioral ecology

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6
Q

What kind of ecology studies the factors affecting population density, size and growth?

A

Population ecology

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7
Q

Population ecology specifically looks at which population relationships

A

Predation, competition, parasitism

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8
Q

What type of ecology studies how populations of species interact and form functional communities?

A

Community ecology

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9
Q

What type of ecology focuses on the flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements among the organisms and the physical environment?

A

Ecosystem ecology

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10
Q

What is the prevailing weather pattern in a region called?

A

Climate

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11
Q

What are the day to day conditions of an environment that frequently change?

A

Weather

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12
Q

Are the sun rays strong at the equator or the north pole?

A

Equator because it is a shorter surface area for the solar rays and closer to the sun

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13
Q

What are determined by temperature differences and wind patterns?

A

Biomes

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14
Q

The earth spins on a _____

A

Tilt on it’s axis

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15
Q

Increasing elevation leads to a decrease in air pressure, what is this called?

A

Adiabatic cooling

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16
Q

As warm moist air flows up a mountain, it cools releasing precipitation, the other side of the mountain is dry with less precipitation, what is this called?

A

Rain shadow

17
Q

The sea ________ coastal and island temperatures due waters high specific heat

A

Moderates

18
Q

The rotation of the earth and wind create ocean currents which can ____ climate

A

Modify

19
Q

A regional habitat type that has a distinct groupings of plants and animals is called a ____

A

Biome

20
Q

Biomes are classified according to what?

A
  • Temperature
  • Annual precipitation
  • Vegetation
21
Q

What are the major land biomes to know?

A
  • Tropical rain forest
  • Tropical deciduous forest
  • Temperate rain forest
  • Temperate deciduous forests
  • Temperate coniferous forest (taiga)
  • Temperate grassland (savanna)
  • Temperate grasslands (prairie)
  • Hot desert
  • Cold desert
  • Tundra
  • Mountain ranges
22
Q

In aquatic habitats, what is the upper layer, warmed by the sun and mixed well with wind called?

A

Epilimnion

23
Q

In aquatic habitats what is the transition zone where temperature declines rapidly

A

Thermocline

24
Q

In aquatic habitats what is the cool layer deep below the surface with low light and limited warmth, photosynthesis does not occur and oxygen is very low?

A

Hypolimnion

25
Q

Aquatic environments are distinguished by what features?

A
  • Salinity
  • Oxygen content
  • Depth
  • Current strength
  • Availability of light
26
Q

What are the aquatic biomes to know?

A
  • Intertidal zone
  • Coral reefs
  • Open ocean
  • Lentic habitats (standing water)
  • Lotic habitats (running water)
27
Q

What is the study of geographic distribution of extinct and living species?

A

Biogeography

28
Q

What continents have similar biomes but different flora and fauna?

A

South America, Africa, and Australia

29
Q

What is the concept where there was a slow movement of earths surface plates long ago?

A

Continental drift

30
Q

What is the proof for continental drift among South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica all being connected?

A
  • Triassic reptile fossils
  • Fossil ferns
  • Abundant temperate fossils in Antarctica
31
Q

Alfred Russel Wallace saw that plants and animals were often restricted to certain geographic areas, what were the six major biogeographic divisions he came up with?

A
  • Nearctic (North America)
  • Palearctic (Russia and Europe)
  • Neotropical (South America)
  • Ethiopian (Africa)
  • Oriental (Asian islands, India, China)
  • Australian
32
Q

What are the major biogeographic barriers?

A
  • Oceans around continents
  • Himalayas
  • Sahara Desert

Biology 2 (9 decks)

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