Ch. 32

Question 1

In gymnosperms and angiosperms what strengthens plants, allowing them to grow tall and produce many branches, leaves, and seeds?

Answer 1

Wood

Question 2

What is the compound in wood tissue that strengthens it?

Answer 2

Lignin

Question 3

Lignin allows wood to transport ______ through numerous conducting cells over greater distance

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

Lignin provides what kind of support to plants?

Answer 4

Structual

Question 5

What part of wood produces a thick layer of wood and a think layer of inner bark?

Answer 5

Vascular Cambium

Question 6

What does the vascular cambium allow the inner bark to do?

Answer 6

Transport organic compounds and watery solutions

Question 7

What is the name of the first woody plants?

Answer 7

Progymnosperms

Question 8

How did progymnosperms reproduce?

Answer 8

Spores

Question 9

What is unique about the root system in cycads?

Answer 9

Corraloid roots are above ground and contain cyanobacteria for nitrogen fixation

Question 10

Cycads produce _____ to deter herbivores

Answer 10

Toxins

Question 11

What do the cone like structures on cycads bear?

Answer 11

Ovules and seeds or pollen

Question 12

What adaptations do conifer seeds have for dispersal?

Answer 12

Winged seeds, fleshy covered seeds to attract birds

Question 13

Why do conifers have an adapted conical shape, flexible branches, needle like leaves, and a thick waxy cuticle?

Answer 13

Adapted to colder climates

Question 14

What are the male parts of a flower?

Answer 14

Stamen –> Anther + Filament

Question 15

What are the female parts of a flower?

Answer 15

Pistil –> Stigma + Style + Ovary
Ovules

Question 16

What is the perianth of a flower made of

Answer 16

Petal + Sepal

Question 17

What does the perianth of a flower do?

Answer 17

Attract polinators

Question 18

What is it called when flowers cluster into groups? What is an example?

Answer 18

Infloresences, sunflowers

Question 19

Some flowers have a reduction in the ______? What is an example?

Answer 19

Perianth, grass

Question 20

Some flowers have ______ petals? What is an example?

Answer 20

Fused, floral tubes

Question 21

Why do some plants have specific pollinating to specific animals?

Answer 21

Plants want specific animals to only pollinate with other members of their species

Question 22

What metabolite involves the synthesis of organic compounds that are nonessential for cell structure and growth?

Answer 22

Secondary metabolite

Question 23

What are the major classes of secondary metabolites

Answer 23

Terpenes and terpenoids, Phenolics, Alkaloids

Question 24

What do secondary metabolites allow plants to do?

Answer 24

Protection from herbivores

Question 25

What are some examples of terpenes and terpenoids?

Answer 25

Taxol, citronella, rubber, turpentine, rosin, amber

Question 26

What are some examples of phenolics?

Answer 26

Cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, clove, chillies, vanilla

Question 27

What is unique about phenolics?

Answer 27

-Flower and fruit colors
-Prevents UV damage
-Some are antioxidants

Question 28

What are some examples of alkaloids?

Answer 28

Caffeine, nicotine, morphine, ephedrine, cocaine, codeine

Question 29

What is unique about alkaloids?

Answer 29

-Contain nitrogen
-Potent effects on animal nervous system