Ch. 32 Flashcards
In gymnosperms and angiosperms what strengthens plants, allowing them to grow tall and produce many branches, leaves, and seeds?
Wood
What is the compound in wood tissue that strengthens it?
Lignin
Lignin allows wood to transport ______ through numerous conducting cells over greater distance
Water
Lignin provides what kind of support to plants?
Structual
What part of wood produces a thick layer of wood and a think layer of inner bark?
Vascular Cambium
What does the vascular cambium allow the inner bark to do?
Transport organic compounds and watery solutions
What is the name of the first woody plants?
Progymnosperms
How did progymnosperms reproduce?
Spores
What is unique about the root system in cycads?
Corraloid roots are above ground and contain cyanobacteria for nitrogen fixation
Cycads produce _____ to deter herbivores
Toxins
What do the cone like structures on cycads bear?
Ovules and seeds or pollen
What adaptations do conifer seeds have for dispersal?
Winged seeds, fleshy covered seeds to attract birds
Why do conifers have an adapted conical shape, flexible branches, needle like leaves, and a thick waxy cuticle?
Adapted to colder climates
What are the male parts of a flower?
Stamen –> Anther + Filament
What are the female parts of a flower?
Pistil –> Stigma + Style + Ovary
Ovules
What is the perianth of a flower made of
Petal + Sepal
What does the perianth of a flower do?
Attract polinators
What is it called when flowers cluster into groups? What is an example?
Infloresences, sunflowers
Some flowers have a reduction in the ______? What is an example?
Perianth, grass
Some flowers have ______ petals? What is an example?
Fused, floral tubes
Why do some plants have specific pollinating to specific animals?
Plants want specific animals to only pollinate with other members of their species
What metabolite involves the synthesis of organic compounds that are nonessential for cell structure and growth?
Secondary metabolite
What are the major classes of secondary metabolites
Terpenes and terpenoids, Phenolics, Alkaloids
What do secondary metabolites allow plants to do?
Protection from herbivores
What are some examples of terpenes and terpenoids?
Taxol, citronella, rubber, turpentine, rosin, amber
What are some examples of phenolics?
Cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, clove, chillies, vanilla
What is unique about phenolics?
-Flower and fruit colors
-Prevents UV damage
-Some are antioxidants
What are some examples of alkaloids?
Caffeine, nicotine, morphine, ephedrine, cocaine, codeine
What is unique about alkaloids?
-Contain nitrogen
-Potent effects on animal nervous system
