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Biology 2 > Ch. 27 > Flashcards

Ch. 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cell wall in bacteria?

A

Petidoglycan

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2
Q

What is the cell wall in archaea

A

Protein

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3
Q

What phospholipid allows archaea to exist in extreme conditions?

A

Ether-bonded phospholipids

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4
Q

What are examples of high salt environments for halophiles?

A

Mangroves and mud flats

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5
Q

What are examples of high acidity environments?

A

Sulfure sprins (Yellowstone)

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6
Q

What are examples of high methane environments?

A

Landfills, swamps

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7
Q

What are examples of high temperature environments?

A

Hydrothermal vents

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8
Q

What bacteria are small, blue-green, photosynthetic, and oxygen producing, and nitrogen fixing? They can be filamentous.

A

Cyanobacteria

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9
Q

What kind of bacteria are very large, gram-negative and have high metabolic diversity?

A

Proteobacteria

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10
Q

Cyanobacteria gave rise to _____ in eukaryotic algae and plants

A

Plastids

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11
Q

What bacteria has the essential ecological roles of producing organic carbon and fixing nitrogen?

A

Cyanobacteria

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12
Q

What proteobacteria live in the soil or plant roots and breakdown nitrogen?

A

Rhizobium

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13
Q

Why is a small cell size beneficial for archaea and bacteria?

A

Fast cell division

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14
Q

What are the ingrowths of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for photosynthesis?

A

Thylakoids

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15
Q

What structure allows organisms to orient themselves to earths magnetic field and stoop to pond floors?

A

Magnetosomes

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16
Q

What cells have a spherical shape?

A

Cocci

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17
Q

What cells have a rod shape?

A

Bacilli

18
Q

Which cells have a comma-shape?

A

Vibrios

19
Q

Which cells have a spiral-shaped and are flexible?

A

Spirochaetes

20
Q

Which cells have a spiral-shape and are rigid?

A

Spirilla

21
Q

What slimy mucus is produced by cells when they are in close proximity to one another or as a defense mechanism?

A

Glycocalyx

22
Q

What is an example of glycocalyx?

A

Plaque on teeth

23
Q

Are gram positive bacteria susceptible to penicillin?

A

Yes

24
Q

What cellular component acts as an outdoor motor for bacteria and archaea?

A

Flagella

25
Q

What cellular component help bacteria and archaea creep/glide?

A

Pili

26
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

27
Q

What is found in aquatic filamentous cyanobacteria, develops when winter approaches, and produces in spring?

A

Akinetes

28
Q

What is made of tough protein, can stay dormant, and is found in gram positive bacteria?

A

Endospores

29
Q

How do endospores protect themselves?

A

Secreting toxins

30
Q

How can bacteria and archaea be classified based on metabolism?

A

Nutrition
Response to oxygen
Presence of specialized metabolic processes

31
Q

What organisms produce all of their own organic compounds?

A

Autotrophs

32
Q

What are the two kinds of autotrophs?

A

photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs

33
Q

What organisms require intake of organic compounds to sustain life?

A

Heterotrophs

34
Q

What are the two kinds of heterotrophs?

A

photoheterotroph, chemoheterotroph

35
Q

An obligate aerobe requires _____

A

Oxygen

36
Q

An obligate anaerobe _____ tolerate oxygen

A

Cannot

37
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes _____ use oxygen but are not poisoned by it?

A

Do not

38
Q

Facultative aerobes can ______ or ______ oxygen

A

use, not use

39
Q

What is the concept where organisms that live in close association share a relationship?

A

Symbiosis

40
Q

What are the 3 kinds of symbiosis?

A

Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

41
Q

What is an example of mutualism in squid?

A

Vibrio (bioluminescent)

Biology 2 (10 decks)

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