Ch. 27 Flashcards
What is the cell wall in bacteria?
Petidoglycan
What is the cell wall in archaea
Protein
What phospholipid allows archaea to exist in extreme conditions?
Ether-bonded phospholipids
What are examples of high salt environments for halophiles?
Mangroves and mud flats
What are examples of high acidity environments?
Sulfure sprins (Yellowstone)
What are examples of high methane environments?
Landfills, swamps
What are examples of high temperature environments?
Hydrothermal vents
What bacteria are small, blue-green, photosynthetic, and oxygen producing, and nitrogen fixing? They can be filamentous.
Cyanobacteria
What kind of bacteria are very large, gram-negative and have high metabolic diversity?
Proteobacteria
Cyanobacteria gave rise to _____ in eukaryotic algae and plants
Plastids
What bacteria has the essential ecological roles of producing organic carbon and fixing nitrogen?
Cyanobacteria
What proteobacteria live in the soil or plant roots and breakdown nitrogen?
Rhizobium
Why is a small cell size beneficial for archaea and bacteria?
Fast cell division
What are the ingrowths of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for photosynthesis?
Thylakoids
What structure allows organisms to orient themselves to earths magnetic field and stoop to pond floors?
Magnetosomes
What cells have a spherical shape?
Cocci
What cells have a rod shape?
Bacilli
Which cells have a comma-shape?
Vibrios
Which cells have a spiral-shaped and are flexible?
Spirochaetes
Which cells have a spiral-shape and are rigid?
Spirilla
What slimy mucus is produced by cells when they are in close proximity to one another or as a defense mechanism?
Glycocalyx
What is an example of glycocalyx?
Plaque on teeth
Are gram positive bacteria susceptible to penicillin?
Yes
What cellular component acts as an outdoor motor for bacteria and archaea?
Flagella
What cellular component help bacteria and archaea creep/glide?
Pili
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
What is found in aquatic filamentous cyanobacteria, develops when winter approaches, and produces in spring?
Akinetes
What is made of tough protein, can stay dormant, and is found in gram positive bacteria?
Endospores
How do endospores protect themselves?
Secreting toxins
How can bacteria and archaea be classified based on metabolism?
Nutrition
Response to oxygen
Presence of specialized metabolic processes
What organisms produce all of their own organic compounds?
Autotrophs
What are the two kinds of autotrophs?
photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs
What organisms require intake of organic compounds to sustain life?
Heterotrophs
What are the two kinds of heterotrophs?
photoheterotroph, chemoheterotroph
An obligate aerobe requires _____
Oxygen
An obligate anaerobe _____ tolerate oxygen
Cannot
Aerotolerant anaerobes _____ use oxygen but are not poisoned by it?
Do not
Facultative aerobes can ______ or ______ oxygen
use, not use
What is the concept where organisms that live in close association share a relationship?
Symbiosis
What are the 3 kinds of symbiosis?
Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
What is an example of mutualism in squid?
Vibrio (bioluminescent)
