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Biology 2 > Ch. 35 > Flashcards

Ch. 35 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do you call a chordate with a backbone?

A

Vertebrates

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2
Q

What do you call jawless fishes?

A

Cyclostomata

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3
Q

What do you call fishes with jaws?

A

Gnathostomes

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4
Q

What do you call gnathostomes with four limbs?

A

Tetrapods

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5
Q

What do you call tetrapods with desiccation-resistant egg?

A

Amniotes

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6
Q

Vertebrates are distinguished by having what chordate features?

A

-Vertebral Column
-Cranium
-Endoskeleton of cartilage and bone

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7
Q

What do you call milk producing amniotes?

A

Mammals

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8
Q

What is an example of a cyclostomata?

A

Lamphreys and hagfish

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9
Q

What is an example of chondricthyes?

A

Sharks and rays

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10
Q

What group has cartilaginous skeletons, teeth not fused to jaw, well developed fins, no swim bladder, internal fertilization, and single blood circulation?

A

Chondricthyes

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11
Q

What group has ossified skeletons, single gill opening covered by operculum, fin muscles within body, and a swim bladder?

A

Actinopterygii

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12
Q

What is an example of actinopterygii

A

Ray finned fishes

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13
Q

What group has ossified skeletons, bony extensions, muscles, and projectoral and pelvic fins?

A

Sarcopterygii

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14
Q

What is an example of sarcopterygii

A

lungfished and lobbed fishes

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15
Q

What group has adults able to live on land, fresh water needed for reproduction, metamorphosis, double circulation and lungs?

A

Amphibia

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16
Q

What are examples of amphibia?

A

Frogs, toads, salamanders

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17
Q

What clade has an encased body in a hard shell, no teeth, head and neck retraction into shell, and eggs laid on land?

A

Testudines

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18
Q

What is an example of a testudine?

A

Turtles

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19
Q

What clade has a lower jaw not attached to its skull and skin covered in scales?

A

Squamata

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20
Q

What is an example of squamata?

A

Lizards and snakes

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21
Q

What clade has a four chambered heart, large aquatic predators, parental care of young?

A

Crocodilia

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22
Q

What is an example of crocodilia?

A

Crocodiles and alligators

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23
Q

What clade has feathers, hollow bones, air sacs, reduced internal organs, endothermic, and a four chambered heart?

A

Aves

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24
Q

What are examples of aves?

A

Birds

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25
Q

What clade has hair, mammary glands, specialized teeth, enlarged skulls, external ears, endothermic, four chambered heart, highly developed brains, diversity of body forms?

A

Mammalia

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26
Q

What are examples of mammalia?

A

Mammals- rats, humans, chimps

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27
Q

Hagfish produce copious amounts of _______ for _______

A

Slime, defense

28
Q

Lamphreys had what economic impact?

A

Invaded the Michigan lakes

29
Q

Lamphreys are _____ as adults

A

Parasitic

30
Q

Is the cartilage skeleton of chondricthyes a ancestral character?

A

NO

31
Q

How do sharks maintain buoyancy?

A

Large oil filled liver

32
Q

Chondrichthyes have how many heart chambers and what kind of circulation?

A

2, single

33
Q

What character on a fish detects pressure waves?

A

Lateral line

34
Q

What type of internal fertilization lays eggs?

A

Oviparous

35
Q

What type of internal fertilization has eggs retained in females but no placenta?

A

Ovoviparous

36
Q

What type of internal fertilization has eggs develop in uterus and placenta nourishes young?

A

Viviparous

37
Q

Osteichthyans have skeletons made of _______

A

Bone

38
Q

What covers the gills

A

Operculum

39
Q

What does a swim bladder do?

A

Maintain buoyancy

40
Q

Actinopterygii has fins supported by what?

A

Thin, bony, flexible rays

41
Q

Lungfish live in oxygen poor freshwater, have both gills and lungs, and have muscular lobe fins to go on land, what is their name?

A

Dipnoi

42
Q

What is the ancesteral fishapod called?

A

Tiktaalik rosae

43
Q

Amphibians have lungs adapted to a semiterrestrial lifestyle, what kind of breathing do they do?

A

Buccal pumping

44
Q

Amphibians have how many heart chambers?

A

3 chambered

45
Q

Amphibians undergo what change?

A

Metamorphosis

46
Q

What groups have amniotes?

A

Birds, reptiles, most mammals

47
Q

How come amniotes are dessication resistant?

A

The shell contains keratin

48
Q

What is it called in amniotes when negative pressure sucks in air for breathing?

A

Thoracic breathing

49
Q

What do amniote kidneys do?

A

Water conservation

50
Q

Amniotes have what kind of fertilization?

A

Internal fertilization

51
Q

What the similarities between birds and reptiles?

A

-Nest
-Scales
-4 chambered heart
-Care for young

52
Q

Testudines have what fused with their shell

A

Ribs

52
Q

What are testudines?

A

Turtles

53
Q

What are squamata?

A

Lizards and snakes

54
Q

Squamata have what unique character about their skulls?

A

Kinetic skulls

55
Q

Crocodilia contains what animals?

A

Crocodiles and alligators

56
Q

What are aves?

A

Birds

57
Q

What are the notable characters of aves?

A
  • Feathers
  • Air sacs
  • Reduction of organs: one ovary, no bladder, no teeth
  • Lightweight skeleton with thin hollow bones
58
Q

Are aves endothermic?

A

Yes

59
Q

What are milk producing amniote group called?

A

Mammals

60
Q

What are distinguishing characteristics of mammals?

A
  • Mammary glands
  • Hair
  • Specialized teeth
  • Enlarged skulls for brain, 3 inner ear bones, external ears
61
Q

Horns in mammals are made of what?

A

Keratin

62
Q

Antlers in mammals are made of what?

A

Bone

63
Q

What are monotremes?

A

Echidnas and platypus

64
Q

What is clade metatheria?

A

Marsupials

65
Q

What are eutherians?

A

Plancental mammals

66
Q

What are examples of eutherians?

A

Afrotheria- elephants, manatees
Xenartha- armadillos, anteaters, sloths
Euarchontoglires- primates, rodents
Laurasiatheria- whales, bats

Biology 2 (9 decks)

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