Ch. 28 Flashcards
What are the three major groups of ecological classification of protists?
Algae, protozoa, fungus-like
Which protists classified by ecological role are generally photoautotrophic?
Algae
Which protists classified by ecological role are mostly heterotrophic?
Protozoa
Which protists classified by ecological role resemble fungi in body form and absorptive nutrition?
Fungus-like
Which protists classified by habitat swim or float?
Plankton
Phytoplankton are _______ protists
Photosynthetic
Which protists classified by habitat are attached to mucilage underwater surfaces and have multicellular large bodies?
Periphyton
Which protists classified by motility have a long tail used to propel them in motion?
Flagellates
Which protists classified by motility have shorter more abundant appendages for movement?
Ciliates
Which protists classified by motility use pseudopodia and glide across?
Amoebae
Are protists a monophyletic group?
No, they have many origins
How are protists classified in taxonomy?
By supergroups
Which protists supergroup has a excavated feeding grove in cells?
Excavata
How are food particles absorbed into cells?
Endocytosis
In the protist supergroup excavata, which group is named for unusually large mass of DNA in a single mitochondrion?
Kinetoplastids
In the protist group excavata, which group possess highly modified mitochondria?
Metamonads
What is an example of a kinetoplastid?
Trypansosoma
What is an example of a metamonad?
Giardia
What are the main protist supergroups to know?
Excavata, land plants and relatives, alveolata, stramenopila, rhizaria, amoebozoa, opisthokonta
In the protist supergroup of plants and relatives who is included?
Kingdom plantae, phylum clorophyta (green algae), phylum rhodophyta (red algae)
Why are green algae and red algae different colors?
The have different photosynthetic pigments, light reaches differently
A primary plastid has _____ membranes? Who is ingested?
Two, cyanobacteria ingested
Primary plastids resulted from _____ from endosymbiont to the host nucleus?
Horizontal gene transfer
A secondary plastid has ______ membranes? Who is ingested?
more than 2, algae having a primary plastid
What are two examples of secondary endosymbiosis?
Cryptomonads (algae) , Haptophytes (create rock)
In supergroup alveolata cliophora have _____
Cillia
In supergroup alveolata what group are medically important parasites?
Apicomplexa
In supergroup alveolata which group causes red tide and forms symbiotic relationships with coral?
Dinoflagellates
A tertiary plastid has multiple membranes, who is ingested?
A dinoflagellate having a secondary plastid
What is so distinct about stramenopila’s flagella?
They have strawlike hairs
For supergroup rhizaria, what is so distinct about their cytoplasmic extensions?
Thin, hair-like filose pseudopodia
How do rhizaria protect themselves?
Spikey projections
How do amoebozoa move?
Pseudopodia
Who is included in group opisthokonta?
Animal and fungal kingdoms, individuals possess posterior flagellum
What is an example of opisthokonta?
Choanoflagellates on sponges
What is an example of an amoebezoa?
Dictyostelia (slime molds)
What are examples of stramenopila?
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), phaeophyceae (brown algae), phytophthora (fungus-like)
For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when heterotrophs ingest particles?
Phagotrophy
For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when heterotophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules?
Osmotrophy
For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when an organism is photosynthetic?
Photoautotrophy
For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when when an organism can use autotrophy, pagotrophy, or osmotrophy depending on conditions?
Mixotrophy
For protists defense, what are the spear-shaped projectiles?
Extrusomes
For protists defense what are the light flicker in dark oceans?
Bioluminescence
For protists defense some will emmit ____ to inhibit animals
Toxins
For protists defense some will be _____ to defend against herbivores and pathogens
Slimy mucilage or cell walls
Many protists reproduce asexually and use _____ with thick protective walls which can remain dormant in bad conditions?
Cysts
For multicellular green and brown seaweeds, they undergo a process where there are haploid gametophyte and diploid sprorphyte generations?
Alternation of generations
