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Biology 2 > Ch. 28 > Flashcards

Ch. 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three major groups of ecological classification of protists?

A

Algae, protozoa, fungus-like

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2
Q

Which protists classified by ecological role are generally photoautotrophic?

A

Algae

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3
Q

Which protists classified by ecological role are mostly heterotrophic?

A

Protozoa

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4
Q

Which protists classified by ecological role resemble fungi in body form and absorptive nutrition?

A

Fungus-like

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5
Q

Which protists classified by habitat swim or float?

A

Plankton

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6
Q

Phytoplankton are _______ protists

A

Photosynthetic

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7
Q

Which protists classified by habitat are attached to mucilage underwater surfaces and have multicellular large bodies?

A

Periphyton

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8
Q

Which protists classified by motility have a long tail used to propel them in motion?

A

Flagellates

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9
Q

Which protists classified by motility have shorter more abundant appendages for movement?

A

Ciliates

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10
Q

Which protists classified by motility use pseudopodia and glide across?

A

Amoebae

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11
Q

Are protists a monophyletic group?

A

No, they have many origins

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12
Q

How are protists classified in taxonomy?

A

By supergroups

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13
Q

Which protists supergroup has a excavated feeding grove in cells?

A

Excavata

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14
Q

How are food particles absorbed into cells?

A

Endocytosis

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15
Q

In the protist supergroup excavata, which group is named for unusually large mass of DNA in a single mitochondrion?

A

Kinetoplastids

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16
Q

In the protist group excavata, which group possess highly modified mitochondria?

A

Metamonads

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17
Q

What is an example of a kinetoplastid?

A

Trypansosoma

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18
Q

What is an example of a metamonad?

A

Giardia

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19
Q

What are the main protist supergroups to know?

A

Excavata, land plants and relatives, alveolata, stramenopila, rhizaria, amoebozoa, opisthokonta

20
Q

In the protist supergroup of plants and relatives who is included?

A

Kingdom plantae, phylum clorophyta (green algae), phylum rhodophyta (red algae)

21
Q

Why are green algae and red algae different colors?

A

The have different photosynthetic pigments, light reaches differently

22
Q

A primary plastid has _____ membranes? Who is ingested?

A

Two, cyanobacteria ingested

23
Q

Primary plastids resulted from _____ from endosymbiont to the host nucleus?

A

Horizontal gene transfer

24
Q

A secondary plastid has ______ membranes? Who is ingested?

A

more than 2, algae having a primary plastid

25
Q

What are two examples of secondary endosymbiosis?

A

Cryptomonads (algae) , Haptophytes (create rock)

26
Q

In supergroup alveolata cliophora have _____

A

Cillia

27
Q

In supergroup alveolata what group are medically important parasites?

A

Apicomplexa

28
Q

In supergroup alveolata which group causes red tide and forms symbiotic relationships with coral?

A

Dinoflagellates

29
Q

A tertiary plastid has multiple membranes, who is ingested?

A

A dinoflagellate having a secondary plastid

30
Q

What is so distinct about stramenopila’s flagella?

A

They have strawlike hairs

31
Q

For supergroup rhizaria, what is so distinct about their cytoplasmic extensions?

A

Thin, hair-like filose pseudopodia

32
Q

How do rhizaria protect themselves?

A

Spikey projections

33
Q

How do amoebozoa move?

A

Pseudopodia

34
Q

Who is included in group opisthokonta?

A

Animal and fungal kingdoms, individuals possess posterior flagellum

35
Q

What is an example of opisthokonta?

A

Choanoflagellates on sponges

36
Q

What is an example of an amoebezoa?

A

Dictyostelia (slime molds)

37
Q

What are examples of stramenopila?

A

Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), phaeophyceae (brown algae), phytophthora (fungus-like)

38
Q

For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when heterotrophs ingest particles?

A

Phagotrophy

39
Q

For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when heterotophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules?

A

Osmotrophy

40
Q

For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when an organism is photosynthetic?

A

Photoautotrophy

41
Q

For nutritional adaptations, what is it called when when an organism can use autotrophy, pagotrophy, or osmotrophy depending on conditions?

A

Mixotrophy

42
Q

For protists defense, what are the spear-shaped projectiles?

A

Extrusomes

43
Q

For protists defense what are the light flicker in dark oceans?

A

Bioluminescence

44
Q

For protists defense some will emmit ____ to inhibit animals

A

Toxins

45
Q

For protists defense some will be _____ to defend against herbivores and pathogens

A

Slimy mucilage or cell walls

46
Q

Many protists reproduce asexually and use _____ with thick protective walls which can remain dormant in bad conditions?

A

Cysts

47
Q

For multicellular green and brown seaweeds, they undergo a process where there are haploid gametophyte and diploid sprorphyte generations?

A

Alternation of generations

Biology 2 (9 decks)

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