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Medical Terminology > Ch 5 terms (part 2) > Flashcards

Ch 5 terms (part 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall

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2
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

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3
Q

hemorrhoid

A

varicose veins in anal region

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4
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

high blood pressure; essential or primary HTN is due to CV disease; secondary HTN result from another disease

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5
Q

hypotension

A

decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia

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6
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

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7
Q

peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation

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8
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

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9
Q

polyarteritis

A

inflammation of several arteries

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10
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure

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11
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein

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12
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen and distended veins; often in the legs

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13
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

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14
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

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15
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument for listening to body sounds

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16
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction

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17
Q

serum lipoprotein level

A

blood test measures amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk

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18
Q

angiogram

A

x ray record of a vessel

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19
Q

angiography

A

x rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel

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20
Q

cardiac scan

A

nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; useful in determining myocardial damage

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21
Q

doppler ultrasonography

A

using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses

22
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A

use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves

23
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart

24
Q

catheter

A

flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels

25
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG)

A

hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography

26
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording electrical activity of heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and myocardial damage

27
Q

holter monitor

A

portable ECG monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities

28
Q

stress testing

A

evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing work load; EKG and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test

29
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration

30
Q

defibrillation

A

procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock

31
Q

extracorporeal circulation (ECC)

A

routing blood to a heart lung machine during a surgical procedure

32
Q

implantable cardioverter-defibrillatior (ICD)

A

device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation

33
Q

pacemaker implantation

A

device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker

34
Q

sclerotherapy

A

injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins

35
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow

36
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical removal aneurysm

37
Q

arterial anastomosis

A

surgical joining 2 arteries when an artery is severed or damaged section is removed

38
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal atheroma

39
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Blood vessel from another location (often leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery

40
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal embolus

41
Q

endarterectomy

A

removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques

42
Q

heart transplant

A

replacement of diseased heart with donor

43
Q

intracoronary artery stent

A

stent placed within a coronary artery; treats coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis

44
Q

ligation and stripping

A

removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and then removed (stripping)

45
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel

46
Q

stent

A

stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen

47
Q

valve replacement

A

removal of diseased valve and replace with artificial

48
Q

valvoplasty

A

surgical repair of heart valve

49
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

50
Q

embolus

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has been broken from thrombus elsewhere in body and traveled to point of obstruction

Medical Terminology (29 decks)

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