Ch 5 terms (part 2)

Question 1

atherosclerosis

Answer 1

most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall

Question 2

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

Answer 2

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

Question 3

hemorrhoid

Answer 3

varicose veins in anal region

Question 4

hypertension (HTN)

Answer 4

high blood pressure; essential or primary HTN is due to CV disease; secondary HTN result from another disease

Question 5

hypotension

Answer 5

decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia

Question 6

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 6

congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

Question 7

peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Answer 7

abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation

Question 8

phlebitis

Answer 8

inflammation of a vein

Question 9

polyarteritis

Answer 9

inflammation of several arteries

Question 10

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 10

periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure

Question 11

thrombophlebitis

Answer 11

inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein

Question 12

varicose veins

Answer 12

swollen and distended veins; often in the legs

Question 13

auscultation

Answer 13

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

Question 14

sphygmomanometer

Answer 14

blood pressure cuff

Question 15

stethoscope

Answer 15

instrument for listening to body sounds

Question 16

cardiac biomarkers

Answer 16

blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction

Question 17

serum lipoprotein level

Answer 17

blood test measures amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk

Question 18

angiogram

Answer 18

x ray record of a vessel

Question 19

angiography

Answer 19

x rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel

Question 20

cardiac scan

Answer 20

nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; useful in determining myocardial damage

Question 21

doppler ultrasonography

Answer 21

using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses

Question 22

echocardiography (ECHO)

Answer 22

use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves

Question 23

cardiac catheterization

Answer 23

catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart

Question 24

catheter

Answer 24

flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels

Question 25

electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG)

Answer 25

hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography

Question 26

electrocardiography

Answer 26

process of recording electrical activity of heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and myocardial damage

Question 27

holter monitor

Answer 27

portable ECG monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities

Question 28

stress testing

Answer 28

evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing work load; EKG and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test

Question 29

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Answer 29

procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration

Question 30

defibrillation

Answer 30

procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock

Question 31

extracorporeal circulation (ECC)

Answer 31

routing blood to a heart lung machine during a surgical procedure

Question 32

implantable cardioverter-defibrillatior (ICD)

Answer 32

device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation

Question 33

pacemaker implantation

Answer 33

device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker

Question 34

sclerotherapy

Answer 34

injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins

Question 35

thrombolytic therapy

Answer 35

use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow

Question 36

aneurysmectomy

Answer 36

surgical removal aneurysm

Question 37

arterial anastomosis

Answer 37

surgical joining 2 arteries when an artery is severed or damaged section is removed

Question 38

atherectomy

Answer 38

surgical removal atheroma

Question 39

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Answer 39

Blood vessel from another location (often leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery

Question 40

embolectomy

Answer 40

surgical removal embolus

Question 41

endarterectomy

Answer 41

removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques

Question 42

heart transplant

Answer 42

replacement of diseased heart with donor

Question 43

intracoronary artery stent

Answer 43

stent placed within a coronary artery; treats coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis

Question 44

ligation and stripping

Answer 44

removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and then removed (stripping)

Question 45

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Answer 45

balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel

Question 46

stent

Answer 46

stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen

Question 47

valve replacement

Answer 47

removal of diseased valve and replace with artificial

Question 48

valvoplasty

Answer 48

surgical repair of heart valve

Question 49

angiostenosis

Answer 49

narrowing of a vessel

Question 50

embolus

Answer 50

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has been broken from thrombus elsewhere in body and traveled to point of obstruction