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Medical Terminology > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

functions of CV system

A

-distribute blood to all areas of body
-deliver needed substances to cells
-removing wastes from cells

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2
Q

organs of the CV system

A

-heart
-arteries
-capillaries
-veins

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3
Q

How does the CV system maintains distribution of blood throughout the body

A

-blood delivers O2 and nutrients to the cells
-blood removes waste products from cells and delivers them to lungs, liver, and kidney for elimination

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4
Q

Systemic circulation

A

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and from the body to the heart

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5
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart

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6
Q

the heart

A

muscular pump with 4 chambers
located in the mediastinum
size of a fist

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7
Q

the heart averages how many bpm

A

60-100 bpm, 100,000 beats/day

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8
Q

each contraction ejects?

A

blood from the heart and pushes through the body

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9
Q

Endocardium

A

-inner layer
-lines heart chambers
-smooth, thin layer
reduce friction as blood passes through heart chamber

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10
Q

Myocardium

A

-middle layer
-thick muscle
-contraction of this layer
develop pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels

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11
Q

Epicardium

A

-outer layer
-forms visceral layer of pericardial sac
-fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

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12
Q

two upper chambers of the heart is called

A

atria

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13
Q

two lower chambers of the heart called

A

ventricles

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14
Q

divides chamber into left and right

A

the septum

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15
Q

The atria

A

-receiving chambers
-blood enters the atria through veins

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16
Q

deoxygenated blood from the body enters the

A

right atria via vena cavae

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16
Q

oxygenated blood from the lungs enters

A

the left atria via pulmonary veins

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16
Q

the ventricles

A

-pumping chambers of the heart
-blood exit the ventricles through arteries

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17
Q

deoxygenated blood exits the right ventricle and?

A

moves to the lungs via pulmonary artery

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18
Q

oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle and?

A

moves to the body via the aorta

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19
Q

forces blood to flow forward

A

heart valves, there are 4 of them

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20
Q

heart valves are found where

A

at the entrances and exits to the ventricles

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21
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle
-atrioventricular valve
-prevent backflow of blood into right atrium
-have 3 leaves/cusps

22
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
-prevent backflow of blood into right ventricle
-referred to as semilunar valve

23
Q

Mitral valve

A

controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle
-atrioventricular valve
-prevent backflow of blood into left atrium
-has 2 cusps and is a bicuspid

24
Q

Aortic valve

A

control the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta
-prevent backflow of blood into left ventricle
-semilunar valve

25
Q

Blood Flow step 1

A

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart.
The blood travels through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
The blood enters the relaxed right atrium.

26
Q

Blood Flow step 2

A

The deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
The atrium contracts to pump the blood.
The blood flows through the tricuspid valve.
The ventricle is relaxed when the blood enters it.

27
Q

Blood flow step 3

A

The deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
The ventricle contracts to pump the blood.
The blood flows through the pulmonary valve.
At this point, the blood goes to the lungs to be oxygenated.

28
Q

Blood Flow step 4

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart.
The blood travels through the four pulmonary veins.
The blood enters the relaxed left atrium.

29
Q

Blood flow step 5

A

The oxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
The atrium contracts to pump the blood.
The blood flows through the mitral valve.
The ventricle is relaxed when the blood enters it.

30
Q

Blood flow step 6

A

The oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta.
The ventricle contracts to pump the blood.
The blood flows through the aortic valve.
At this point, the blood is carried out to the body.

31
Q

Heart chambers alternate between

A

relaxation, the chambers fill.
contraction, the chambers push blood forward.

32
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase

33
Q

systole

A

contraction phase

34
Q

contraction and relaxation regulated by

A

the conduction system

35
Q

the conduction system is under control of the

A

autonomic nervous system

36
Q

special tissue within the heart

A

conducts electrical impulses the tissue stimulates the chambers to contract in the correct order

37
Q

conduction system step 1

A

The sinoatrial (SA) node begins the electrical impulse.
A wave of electricity moves from the SA node through the atria.
This causes the atria to contract.

38
Q

conduction system step 2

A

the atrioventricular node is stimulated

39
Q

conduction system step 3

A

the AV node transfers stimulation the atrioventricular bundle

40
Q

conduction system step 4

A

The electrical wave travels from the AV bundle down the bundle branches.

41
Q

conduction system step 5

A

The Purkinje fibers in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated.
This causes the ventricles to contract.

42
Q

the channel within the blood vessels

A

the lumen

43
Q

the heart is the __ that moves blood and the blood vessels are the __ that circulate it

A

pump , pipes

44
Q

large thick-walled vessels that can contract or relax

A

Arteries

45
Q

the pulmonary artery goes to

A

the lungs

46
Q

the aorta goes to

A

the body

47
Q

the coronary arteries goes to

A

the myocardium of the heart

48
Q

as arteries branch they

A

become smaller arterioles

49
Q

network of tiny , thin-walled blood vessels

A

capillaries

50
Q

capillaries connect arteries and veins

A

Oxygenated arterial blood flows in.
Deoxygenated venous blood flows out.

51
Q

capillaries are the place of diffusion

A

Oxygen and nutrients diffuse out.
Carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse in.

52
Q

begin as venules that gradually merge and become larger

A

veins
they are thin walled, valvular vessels with low pressure

53
Q

veins carry blood towards the heart

A

The pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs.
The superior and inferior vena cavae carry blood from the body.

Medical Terminology (29 decks)

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