Ch 5

Question 1

functions of CV system

Answer 1

-distribute blood to all areas of body
-deliver needed substances to cells
-removing wastes from cells

Question 2

organs of the CV system

Answer 2

-heart
-arteries
-capillaries
-veins

Question 3

How does the CV system maintains distribution of blood throughout the body

Answer 3

-blood delivers O2 and nutrients to the cells
-blood removes waste products from cells and delivers them to lungs, liver, and kidney for elimination

Question 4

Systemic circulation

Answer 4

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and from the body to the heart

Question 5

pulmonary circulation

Answer 5

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart

Question 6

the heart

Answer 6

muscular pump with 4 chambers
located in the mediastinum
size of a fist

Question 7

the heart averages how many bpm

Answer 7

60-100 bpm, 100,000 beats/day

Question 8

each contraction ejects?

Answer 8

blood from the heart and pushes through the body

Question 9

Endocardium

Answer 9

-inner layer
-lines heart chambers
-smooth, thin layer
reduce friction as blood passes through heart chamber

Question 10

Myocardium

Answer 10

-middle layer
-thick muscle
-contraction of this layer
develop pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels

Question 11

Epicardium

Answer 11

-outer layer
-forms visceral layer of pericardial sac
-fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

Question 12

two upper chambers of the heart is called

Answer 12

atria

Question 13

two lower chambers of the heart called

Answer 13

ventricles

Question 14

divides chamber into left and right

Answer 14

the septum

Question 15

The atria

Answer 15

-receiving chambers
-blood enters the atria through veins

Question 16

deoxygenated blood from the body enters the

Answer 16

right atria via vena cavae

Question 16

oxygenated blood from the lungs enters

Answer 16

the left atria via pulmonary veins

Question 16

the ventricles

Answer 16

-pumping chambers of the heart
-blood exit the ventricles through arteries

Question 17

deoxygenated blood exits the right ventricle and?

Answer 17

moves to the lungs via pulmonary artery

Question 18

oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle and?

Answer 18

moves to the body via the aorta

Question 19

forces blood to flow forward

Answer 19

heart valves, there are 4 of them

Question 20

heart valves are found where

Answer 20

at the entrances and exits to the ventricles

Question 21

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 21

controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle
-atrioventricular valve
-prevent backflow of blood into right atrium
-have 3 leaves/cusps

Question 22

Pulmonary valve

Answer 22

controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
-prevent backflow of blood into right ventricle
-referred to as semilunar valve

Question 23

Mitral valve

Answer 23

controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle -atrioventricular valve -prevent backflow of blood into left atrium -has 2 cusps and is a bicuspid

Question 24

Aortic valve

Answer 24

control the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta -prevent backflow of blood into left ventricle -semilunar valve

Question 25

Blood Flow step 1

Answer 25

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart. The blood travels through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. The blood enters the relaxed right atrium.

Question 26

Blood Flow step 2

Answer 26

The deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle. The atrium contracts to pump the blood. The blood flows through the tricuspid valve. The ventricle is relaxed when the blood enters it.

Question 27

Blood flow step 3

Answer 27

The deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. The ventricle contracts to pump the blood. The blood flows through the pulmonary valve. At this point, the blood goes to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Question 28

Blood Flow step 4

Answer 28

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart. The blood travels through the four pulmonary veins. The blood enters the relaxed left atrium.

Question 29

Blood flow step 5

Answer 29

The oxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium into the left ventricle. The atrium contracts to pump the blood. The blood flows through the mitral valve. The ventricle is relaxed when the blood enters it.

Question 30

Blood flow step 6

Answer 30

The oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta. The ventricle contracts to pump the blood. The blood flows through the aortic valve. At this point, the blood is carried out to the body.

Question 31

Heart chambers alternate between

Answer 31

relaxation, the chambers fill. contraction, the chambers push blood forward.

Question 32

diastole

Answer 32

relaxation phase

Question 33

systole

Answer 33

contraction phase

Question 34

contraction and relaxation regulated by

Answer 34

the conduction system

Question 35

the conduction system is under control of the

Answer 35

autonomic nervous system

Question 36

special tissue within the heart

Answer 36

conducts electrical impulses the tissue stimulates the chambers to contract in the correct order

Question 37

conduction system step 1

Answer 37

The sinoatrial (SA) node begins the electrical impulse. A wave of electricity moves from the SA node through the atria. This causes the atria to contract.

Question 38

conduction system step 2

Answer 38

the atrioventricular node is stimulated

Question 39

conduction system step 3

Answer 39

the AV node transfers stimulation the atrioventricular bundle

Question 40

conduction system step 4

Answer 40

The electrical wave travels from the AV bundle down the bundle branches.

Question 41

conduction system step 5

Answer 41

The Purkinje fibers in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated. This causes the ventricles to contract.

Question 42

the channel within the blood vessels

Answer 42

the lumen

Question 43

the heart is the __ that moves blood and the blood vessels are the __ that circulate it

Answer 43

pump , pipes

Question 44

large thick-walled vessels that can contract or relax

Answer 44

Arteries

Question 45

the pulmonary artery goes to

Answer 45

the lungs

Question 46

the aorta goes to

Answer 46

the body

Question 47

the coronary arteries goes to

Answer 47

the myocardium of the heart

Question 48

as arteries branch they

Answer 48

become smaller arterioles

Question 49

network of tiny , thin-walled blood vessels

Answer 49

capillaries

Question 50

capillaries connect arteries and veins

Answer 50

Oxygenated arterial blood flows in. Deoxygenated venous blood flows out.

Question 51

capillaries are the place of diffusion

Answer 51

Oxygen and nutrients diffuse out. Carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse in.

Question 52

begin as venules that gradually merge and become larger

Answer 52

veins they are thin walled, valvular vessels with low pressure

Question 53

veins carry blood towards the heart

Answer 53

The pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs. The superior and inferior vena cavae carry blood from the body.