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Medical Terminology > Ch 2 Body Organization > Flashcards

Ch 2 Body Organization Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Body Organization Levels

A

cells - tissues - organs - systems - the body

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2
Q

fundamental unit of life

A

cells
-respond to stimuli
-engage in metabolic activity
-reproduce
all cells have nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm

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3
Q

Four Tissue Types

A

muscle
epithelial
connective
nervous

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4
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

produce movement by contracting
-skeletal: attached to bone
-smooth: found in organs
-cardiac: found in the heart

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

forms the lining of internal organs and the skin
-protects (skin)
-absorb (lining of intestine)
-secrete (sweat glands)
-excrete waste (kidney tubules)

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6
Q

Connective Tissue

A

supports and protects the body
-adipose
-bone
-cartilage
-tendons

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7
Q

Nervous tissue

A

conduct electrical impulse between brain & rest body
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves

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8
Q

composed of several types of tissues working together as a unit

A

organs

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9
Q

made up of several organs working together

A

systems

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10
Q

Integumentary System

specialty: dermatology

A

forms 2 way barrier, aid in temp regulation
organs:
-skin
-hair
-nails
-sweat glands
-sebaceous glands

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11
Q

Musculoskeletal System

specialty: orthopedics

A

support and protect body, produce movement
forms blood cells, stores minerals
organs:
-bones
-joints
-muscles

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

specialty: cardiology

A

pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen & waste
organs:
-heart
-arteries
-veins

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13
Q

Hematic System

specialty: hematology

A

transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, controls bleeding
blood includes:
-plasma
-erythrocytes
-leukocytes
-platelets

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14
Q

Lymphatic System

specialty: immunology

A

protect body from disease and invasion by pathogens
organs:
-lymph nodes
-lymphatic vessels
-spleen
-thymus gland
-tonsils

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15
Q

Respiratory System

specialty: pulmonology

A

brings oxygen into and take carbon dioxide out body
organs:
-nasal cavity
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tubes
-lungs

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16
Q

Gastrointestinal System

specialty: gastroenterology

A

ingests, digests, absorbs nutrients
organs:
-oral cavity
-salivary gland
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-colon
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

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17
Q

Urinary System

specialty: nephrology/urology

A

filters waste from blood and remove from body
organs:
-kidney
-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra

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18
Q

Reproductive System

specialty: gynecology

A

produce eggs and provides for growing baby
nourishes infant
organs:
-ovaries
-fallopian tubes
-uterus
-vagina
-vulva
-breasts

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19
Q

Reproductive System

specialty: urology

A

produce sperm
organs:
-testes
-epididymis
-vas deferens
-penis
-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-bulbourethral gland

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20
Q

Endocrine System

specialty: endocrinology

A

regulate metabolic activity
glands:
-pituitary
-pineal
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-thymus
-adrenal
-pancreas
-ovaries
-testes

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21
Q

Nervous System

specialty: neurology

A

recieves sensory information from body & coordinates response to that information
organs:
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves

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22
Q

Eyes (special senses)

specialty: ophthalmology

A

provides vision
organ:
eye

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23
Q

Ears (special senses)

specialty: otorhinolaryngology

A

responsible for hearing and balance
organs:
-ear

24
Q

anatomical position

A

-standing erect, looking ahead
-hands at side, palms forward
-legs parallel, feet/toes forward

25
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

aka median or midsagittal
vertical plane runs lengthwise front to back
divide body into left and right
yields sagittal section

26
Q

Frontal Plane

A

aka coronal plane
vertical plane run lengthwise side to side
divides into front and back portion
yield frontal/coronal section

27
Q

Transverse Plane

A

aka horizontal plane
horizontal plane that runs parallel to the ground
divides body into upper and lower portion
yields transverse section

28
Q

Cross Section

A

produced by slice perpendicular to long axis of structure

29
Q

Longitudinal Section

A

produced by lengthwise slice along the long axis of structure

30
Q

Brachial region

A

the arms

31
Q

cephalic region

A

the head

32
Q

cervical region

A

the neck

33
Q

crural region

A

the legs

34
Q

thoracic region

anterior trunk

A

chest

35
Q

abdominal region

anterior trunk

A

abdomen

36
Q

pelvic region

anterior trunk

A

pelvis

37
Q

pubic region

anterior trunk

A

genitals

38
Q

dorsum

posterior trunk

A

back

39
Q

vertebral region

posterior trunk

A

spinal column

40
Q

gluteal region

posterior trunk

A

buttocks

41
Q

Dorsal Cavities

A

cranial cavity- contains brain
spinal cavity- contains spinal cord

42
Q

thoracic cavity

A

part of ventral cavity
divided into lungs and mediastinum

43
Q

mediastinum

A

lies between the lungs
contain :
-heart
-aorta
-esophagus
-trachea
-thymus gland

44
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

part of ventral cavities
divide into abdominal and pelvic cavities
contain digestive, excretory and reproductive organs

45
Q

seperates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

A

diaphragm

46
Q

Organs in the ventral cavities referred to as ?

A

viscera

47
Q

viscera

A

double layered sac
parietal layer- lines cavities
visceral layer- contacts the viscera

48
Q

the sac in the thoracic cavity is the?

A

pleura

49
Q

the sac in the abdominopelvic cavity is the?

A

peritoneum

50
Q

2 cavities within the thoracic cavity

A

pleural - surrounds the lungs
pericardial- surrounds the heart

51
Q

Right Upper Quadrant

A

majority liver
right kidney
colon
small portion pancreas
gallbladder
small intestine

52
Q

Right Lower Quadrant

A

colon
small intestine
right ureter
appendix
right ovary
right fallopian tube

53
Q

Left Upper Quadrant

A

small portion liver
spleen
left kidney
stomach
colon
majority pancreas
small intestine

54
Q

Left Lower Quadrant

A

colon
small intestine
left ureter
left ovary
left fallopian tube

55
Q

anatomical division of abdomen
(from left to right , top row to bottom)

A

right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
right inguinal
hypogastric
left inguinal

Medical Terminology (29 decks)

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