Ch 2 Body Organization

Question 1

Body Organization Levels

Answer 1

cells - tissues - organs - systems - the body

Question 2

fundamental unit of life

Answer 2

cells
-respond to stimuli
-engage in metabolic activity
-reproduce
all cells have nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm

Question 3

Four Tissue Types

Answer 3

muscle
epithelial
connective
nervous

Question 4

Muscle Tissue

Answer 4

produce movement by contracting
-skeletal: attached to bone
-smooth: found in organs
-cardiac: found in the heart

Question 5

Epithelial tissue

Answer 5

forms the lining of internal organs and the skin
-protects (skin)
-absorb (lining of intestine)
-secrete (sweat glands)
-excrete waste (kidney tubules)

Question 6

Connective Tissue

Answer 6

supports and protects the body
-adipose
-bone
-cartilage
-tendons

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

conduct electrical impulse between brain & rest body
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves

Question 8

composed of several types of tissues working together as a unit

Answer 8

organs

Question 9

made up of several organs working together

Answer 9

systems

Question 10

Integumentary System

specialty: dermatology

Answer 10

forms 2 way barrier, aid in temp regulation
organs:
-skin
-hair
-nails
-sweat glands
-sebaceous glands

Question 11

Musculoskeletal System

specialty: orthopedics

Answer 11

support and protect body, produce movement
forms blood cells, stores minerals
organs:
-bones
-joints
-muscles

Question 12

Cardiovascular System

specialty: cardiology

Answer 12

pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen & waste
organs:
-heart
-arteries
-veins

Question 13

Hematic System

specialty: hematology

Answer 13

transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, controls bleeding
blood includes:
-plasma
-erythrocytes
-leukocytes
-platelets

Question 14

Lymphatic System

specialty: immunology

Answer 14

protect body from disease and invasion by pathogens
organs:
-lymph nodes
-lymphatic vessels
-spleen
-thymus gland
-tonsils

Question 15

Respiratory System

specialty: pulmonology

Answer 15

brings oxygen into and take carbon dioxide out body
organs:
-nasal cavity
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tubes
-lungs

Question 16

Gastrointestinal System

specialty: gastroenterology

Answer 16

ingests, digests, absorbs nutrients
organs:
-oral cavity
-salivary gland
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-colon
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

Question 17

Urinary System

specialty: nephrology/urology

Answer 17

filters waste from blood and remove from body
organs:
-kidney
-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra

Question 18

Reproductive System

specialty: gynecology

Answer 18

produce eggs and provides for growing baby
nourishes infant
organs:
-ovaries
-fallopian tubes
-uterus
-vagina
-vulva
-breasts

Question 19

Reproductive System

specialty: urology

Answer 19

produce sperm
organs:
-testes
-epididymis
-vas deferens
-penis
-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-bulbourethral gland

Question 20

Endocrine System

specialty: endocrinology

Answer 20

regulate metabolic activity
glands:
-pituitary
-pineal
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-thymus
-adrenal
-pancreas
-ovaries
-testes

Question 21

Nervous System

specialty: neurology

Answer 21

recieves sensory information from body & coordinates response to that information
organs:
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves

Question 22

Eyes (special senses)

specialty: ophthalmology

Answer 22

provides vision
organ:
eye

Question 23

Ears (special senses)

specialty: otorhinolaryngology

Answer 23

responsible for hearing and balance
organs:
-ear

Question 24

anatomical position

Answer 24

-standing erect, looking ahead
-hands at side, palms forward
-legs parallel, feet/toes forward

Question 25

Sagittal Plane

Answer 25

aka median or midsagittal vertical plane runs lengthwise front to back divide body into left and right yields sagittal section

Question 26

Frontal Plane

Answer 26

aka coronal plane vertical plane run lengthwise side to side divides into front and back portion yield frontal/coronal section

Question 27

Transverse Plane

Answer 27

aka horizontal plane horizontal plane that runs parallel to the ground divides body into upper and lower portion yields transverse section

Question 28

Cross Section

Answer 28

produced by slice perpendicular to long axis of structure

Question 29

Longitudinal Section

Answer 29

produced by lengthwise slice along the long axis of structure

Question 30

Brachial region

Answer 30

the arms

Question 31

cephalic region

Answer 31

the head

Question 32

cervical region

Answer 32

the neck

Question 33

crural region

Answer 33

the legs

Question 34

thoracic region | anterior trunk

Answer 34

chest

Question 35

abdominal region | anterior trunk

Answer 35

abdomen

Question 36

pelvic region | anterior trunk

Answer 36

pelvis

Question 37

pubic region | anterior trunk

Answer 37

genitals

Question 38

dorsum | posterior trunk

Answer 38

back

Question 39

vertebral region | posterior trunk

Answer 39

spinal column

Question 40

gluteal region | posterior trunk

Answer 40

buttocks

Question 41

Dorsal Cavities

Answer 41

cranial cavity- contains brain spinal cavity- contains spinal cord

Question 42

thoracic cavity

Answer 42

part of ventral cavity divided into lungs and mediastinum

Question 43

mediastinum

Answer 43

lies between the lungs contain : -heart -aorta -esophagus -trachea -thymus gland

Question 44

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 44

part of ventral cavities divide into abdominal and pelvic cavities contain digestive, excretory and reproductive organs

Question 45

seperates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 45

diaphragm

Question 46

Organs in the ventral cavities referred to as ?

Answer 46

viscera

Question 47

viscera

Answer 47

double layered sac parietal layer- lines cavities visceral layer- contacts the viscera

Question 48

the sac in the thoracic cavity is the?

Answer 48

pleura

Question 49

the sac in the abdominopelvic cavity is the?

Answer 49

peritoneum

Question 50

2 cavities within the thoracic cavity

Answer 50

pleural - surrounds the lungs pericardial- surrounds the heart

Question 51

Right Upper Quadrant

Answer 51

majority liver right kidney colon small portion pancreas gallbladder small intestine

Question 52

Right Lower Quadrant

Answer 52

colon small intestine right ureter appendix right ovary right fallopian tube

Question 53

Left Upper Quadrant

Answer 53

small portion liver spleen left kidney stomach colon majority pancreas small intestine

Question 54

Left Lower Quadrant

Answer 54

colon small intestine left ureter left ovary left fallopian tube

Question 55

anatomical division of abdomen (from left to right , top row to bottom)

Answer 55

right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right inguinal hypogastric left inguinal