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Medical Terminology > Ch 4 Terms muscular > Flashcards

Ch 4 Terms muscular Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline of body

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2
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline of body

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3
Q

flexion

A

act of bending or being bent

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4
Q

extension

A

bring limb into straight condition

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5
Q

dorsiflexion

A

backward bending of foot

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6
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending sole of foot; pointing toes

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7
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

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8
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

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9
Q

pronation

A

turning palm downward

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10
Q

supination

A

turning palm upward

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11
Q

elevation

A

to raise

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12
Q

depression

A

to drop down

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13
Q

circumduction

A

movement in circular direction from central point
opposition: moving thumb away from palm to contact other fingers
rotation: movment around central axis

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14
Q

fascial

A

pertaining to fascia

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15
Q

muscular

A

pertaining to muscles

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16
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to muscles and skeleton

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17
Q

tendinous

A

pertaining to tendons

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18
Q

kinesiology

A

the science that studies movement, how its produced, and the muscles involved

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19
Q

occupational therapy

A

assist a person to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning

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20
Q

physical medicine

A

branch of medicine focused on resoring function; physician is a physiatrist

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21
Q

PT- physical therapy

A

involve the evaluation and treatment of disorders as well as rehab using physical methods

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22
Q

adhesion

A

scar tissue in fascia; makes muscle movement difficult

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23
Q

atonia

A

lack of muscle tone

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24
Q

atrophy

A

poor muscle development; result of muscle disease or lack of use; muscle wasting

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25
Q

bradykinesia

A

having slow movements

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26
Q

contracture

A

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia

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27
Q

dyskinesia

A

having difficult or abnormal movements

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28
Q

dystonia

A

having abnormal muscle tone

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29
Q

hyperkinesia

A

having excessive amount movement

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30
Q

hypertonia

A

excessive muscle tone

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31
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in muscle bulk from use

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32
Q

hypokinesia

A

insufficient amount of movement

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33
Q

hypotonia

A

insufficient muscle tone

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34
Q

intermittent claudication

A

attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by muscle ischemia; usually calf muscles

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35
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

36
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

37
Q

myotonia

A

muscle tone

38
Q

spasm

A

sudden involuntary strong muscle contraction

39
Q

tenodynia

A

tendon pain

40
Q

fibromyalgia

A

widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue

41
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

inflammation of elbow muscle; caused by strong gripping; tennis elbow

42
Q

MD- muscular dystrophy

A

inherited disease with progressive muscle atrophy

43
Q

myopathy

A

general term for muscle disease

44
Q

myorrhexis

A

tearing a muscle

45
Q

NF- necrotizing fasciitis

A

infection that results in death of soft tissue

46
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of 2 or more muscles

47
Q

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

A

one type inherited muscular dystroph; duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

48
Q

torticollis

A

severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; wryneck or crick in the neck

49
Q

CTS- carpal tunnel syndrome

A

repetitive motion disorder; compression of finger tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist

50
Q

ganglion cyst

A

cyst on tendon sheath; usually hand, wrist, ankle

51
Q

repetitive motion disorder

A

chronic disorders involving tendon, muscles, joints, and nerve damage; tissue subjected to pressure, vibration, repetitive movements

52
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons; high degree of flexibility puts cuff at risk for tear

53
Q

strain

A

damage to muscle, tendon, ligaments due to overuse or overstretch

54
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

55
Q

CPK- creatine phosphokinase

A

muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels indicate muscle amage; seen in MD and heart attack

56
Q

DTR- deep tendon reflexes

A

muscle contraction in response to stretch; used to determine if muscles are responding properly

57
Q

electromyogram

A

hardcopy record produced by EMG

58
Q

EMG- electromyography

A

study of strength and quality of muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulation

59
Q

muscle biopsy

A

removal of muscle tissue for examination

60
Q

ADL- activities of daily living

A

activities typically performed in a normal day, like dressing and washing

61
Q

cryotherapy

A

cold treatment

62
Q

gait training

A

assisting a patient to learn to walk again or teaching them to use assistive devices to walk

63
Q

hydrotherapy

A

application of warm water

64
Q

massage

A

Kneading or applying pressure by hand to promote muscle relaxation

65
Q

mobilization

A

exercise, massage, and physical manipulation to restore movement

66
Q

PROM- passive range of motion

A

putting a joint through the range of motion without assistance

67
Q

phonophoresis

A

use of ultrasound waves to introduce medication across skin

68
Q

therapeutic exercise

A

exercise planned and carried out to achieve physical benefit

69
Q

thermotherapy

A

application of heat

70
Q

US- ultrasound therapy

A

use of ultrasound waves to create heat in soft tissues under the skin

71
Q

carpal tunnel release

A

cutting of ligament in wrist to relieve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome

72
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgically cutting into fascia

73
Q

myoplasty

A

surgical repair of muscle

74
Q

myorrhaphy

A

procedure to suture together a muscle

75
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical stabilization of a joint by anchoring down tendons of muscles that move the joint

76
Q

tendoplasty

A

surgical repair of tendon

77
Q

tendotomy

A

procedure to cut into tendon

78
Q

tenoplasty

A

surgical repair of tendon

79
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

procedure to suture together a tendon

80
Q

skeletal muscle relaxants

A

use: relax skeletal muscle to reduce spasm
ie. flexeril, soma

81
Q

muscular system at glance

A

-work with skeletal to move body
-individual cells contract/shorten in length which produces movement
organ: the muscles

82
Q

anatomy of muscular system

A

-muscles are bundles of parallel muscle tissue fibers
-fiber contract to product movement
-movement bring bones together, push food through digestive, pump blood
voluntary or involuntary

83
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attached to bones
produce voluntary movement
muscle wrapped in fascia taper to form tendon
tendon anchored to bone by periosteum
stimulated by motor neurons at myoneural junction

84
Q

smooth muscle

A

found in internal organs
-hallow i.e stomach
-tube shape i.e airways
-blood vessels
-named for its lack of striation
-involuntary movement

85
Q

cardiac muscle

A

-called myocardium
-makes up walls of the heart
-involuntary contraction of the heart pump blood through hearts chamber and out body

86
Q

skeletal muscle action

A

-attach to 2 different bones and overlap a joint
-origin is the less moveable bone
-insertion is more moveable bone
movement produced is the action
muscles arranged in atagonistic pairs

Medical Terminology (29 decks)

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