Ch 4 Terms muscular Flashcards
1
Q
abduction
A
movement away from midline of body
2
Q
adduction
A
movement toward midline of body
3
Q
flexion
A
act of bending or being bent
4
Q
extension
A
bring limb into straight condition
5
Q
dorsiflexion
A
backward bending of foot
6
Q
plantar flexion
A
bending sole of foot; pointing toes
7
Q
eversion
A
turning outward
8
Q
inversion
A
turning inward
9
Q
pronation
A
turning palm downward
10
Q
supination
A
turning palm upward
11
Q
elevation
A
to raise
12
Q
depression
A
to drop down
13
Q
circumduction
A
movement in circular direction from central point
opposition: moving thumb away from palm to contact other fingers
rotation: movment around central axis
14
Q
fascial
A
pertaining to fascia
15
Q
muscular
A
pertaining to muscles
16
Q
musculoskeletal
A
pertaining to muscles and skeleton
17
Q
tendinous
A
pertaining to tendons
18
Q
kinesiology
A
the science that studies movement, how its produced, and the muscles involved
19
Q
occupational therapy
A
assist a person to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning
20
Q
physical medicine
A
branch of medicine focused on resoring function; physician is a physiatrist
21
Q
PT- physical therapy
A
involve the evaluation and treatment of disorders as well as rehab using physical methods
22
Q
adhesion
A
scar tissue in fascia; makes muscle movement difficult
23
Q
atonia
A
lack of muscle tone
24
Q
atrophy
A
poor muscle development; result of muscle disease or lack of use; muscle wasting
25
bradykinesia
having slow movements
26
contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia
27
dyskinesia
having difficult or abnormal movements
28
dystonia
having abnormal muscle tone
29
hyperkinesia
having excessive amount movement
30
hypertonia
excessive muscle tone
31
hypertrophy
increase in muscle bulk from use
32
hypokinesia
insufficient amount of movement
33
hypotonia
insufficient muscle tone
34
intermittent claudication
attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by muscle ischemia; usually calf muscles
35
myalgia
muscle pain
36
myasthenia
muscle weakness
37
myotonia
muscle tone
38
spasm
sudden involuntary strong muscle contraction
39
tenodynia
tendon pain
40
fibromyalgia
widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue
41
lateral epicondylitis
inflammation of elbow muscle; caused by strong gripping; tennis elbow
42
MD- muscular dystrophy
inherited disease with progressive muscle atrophy
43
myopathy
general term for muscle disease
44
myorrhexis
tearing a muscle
45
NF- necrotizing fasciitis
infection that results in death of soft tissue
46
polymyositis
inflammation of 2 or more muscles
47
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
one type inherited muscular dystroph; duchenne's muscular dystrophy
48
torticollis
severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; wryneck or crick in the neck
49
CTS- carpal tunnel syndrome
repetitive motion disorder; compression of finger tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist
50
ganglion cyst
cyst on tendon sheath; usually hand, wrist, ankle
51
repetitive motion disorder
chronic disorders involving tendon, muscles, joints, and nerve damage; tissue subjected to pressure, vibration, repetitive movements
52
rotator cuff injury
joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons; high degree of flexibility puts cuff at risk for tear
53
strain
damage to muscle, tendon, ligaments due to overuse or overstretch
54
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
55
CPK- creatine phosphokinase
muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels indicate muscle amage; seen in MD and heart attack
56
DTR- deep tendon reflexes
muscle contraction in response to stretch; used to determine if muscles are responding properly
57
electromyogram
hardcopy record produced by EMG
58
EMG- electromyography
study of strength and quality of muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulation
59
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for examination
60
ADL- activities of daily living
activities typically performed in a normal day, like dressing and washing
61
cryotherapy
cold treatment
62
gait training
assisting a patient to learn to walk again or teaching them to use assistive devices to walk
63
hydrotherapy
application of warm water
64
massage
Kneading or applying pressure by hand to promote muscle relaxation
65
mobilization
exercise, massage, and physical manipulation to restore movement
66
PROM- passive range of motion
putting a joint through the range of motion without assistance
67
phonophoresis
use of ultrasound waves to introduce medication across skin
68
therapeutic exercise
exercise planned and carried out to achieve physical benefit
69
thermotherapy
application of heat
70
US- ultrasound therapy
use of ultrasound waves to create heat in soft tissues under the skin
71
carpal tunnel release
cutting of ligament in wrist to relieve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome
72
fasciotomy
surgically cutting into fascia
73
myoplasty
surgical repair of muscle
74
myorrhaphy
procedure to suture together a muscle
75
tenodesis
surgical stabilization of a joint by anchoring down tendons of muscles that move the joint
76
tendoplasty
surgical repair of tendon
77
tendotomy
procedure to cut into tendon
78
tenoplasty
surgical repair of tendon
79
tenorrhaphy
procedure to suture together a tendon
80
skeletal muscle relaxants
use: relax skeletal muscle to reduce spasm
ie. flexeril, soma
81
muscular system at glance
-work with skeletal to move body
-individual cells contract/shorten in length which produces movement
organ: the muscles
82
anatomy of muscular system
-muscles are bundles of parallel muscle tissue fibers
-fiber contract to product movement
-movement bring bones together, push food through digestive, pump blood
voluntary or involuntary
83
skeletal muscle
attached to bones
produce voluntary movement
muscle wrapped in fascia taper to form tendon
tendon anchored to bone by periosteum
stimulated by motor neurons at myoneural junction
84
smooth muscle
found in internal organs
-hallow i.e stomach
-tube shape i.e airways
-blood vessels
-named for its lack of striation
-involuntary movement
85
cardiac muscle
-called myocardium
-makes up walls of the heart
-involuntary contraction of the heart pump blood through hearts chamber and out body
86
skeletal muscle action
-attach to 2 different bones and overlap a joint
-origin is the less moveable bone
-insertion is more moveable bone
movement produced is the action
muscles arranged in atagonistic pairs
