Ch 4 terms (part 2)

Question 1

chondroma

Answer 1

tumor in cartilage; usually benign

Question 2

Ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 2

cancerous tumor of shaft of long bones; spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent metastasis

Question 3

exostosis

Answer 3

bone spur

Question 4

myeloma

Answer 4

tumor forming in bone marrow tissue

Question 5

osteochondroma

Answer 5

tumor consisting of bone and cartilage tissue; usually benign

Question 6

osteomalacia

Answer 6

softening of bones caused by calcium deficiency; caused in children by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D

Question 7

osteogenic sarcoma

Answer 7

most common type bone cancer; begin in osteocytes

Question 8

osteoma

Answer 8

tumor found in bone tissue

Question 9

osteomyelitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

Question 10

osteopathy

Answer 10

general term for bone disease

Question 11

osteoporosis

Answer 11

decrease in bone mass; results in thinning and weakening of bones; porous bone easily fractures

Question 12

Paget’s disease

Answer 12

metabolic disease of bone; unknown cause; results in bone destruction and deformity

Question 13

rickets

Answer 13

caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency; results in bone deformities like bowed legs

Question 14

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 14

inflammatory condition resembles rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae

Question 15

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

Answer 15

protrusion of an intervertebral disk; also called ruptured disk

Question 16

kyphosis

Answer 16

abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback

Question 17

lordosis

Answer 17

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback

Question 18

scoliosis

Answer 18

lateral curve of spine

Question 19

spina bifida

Answer 19

congenital anomaly; vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

Question 20

spinal stenosis

Answer 20

narrowing of spinal canal; causes pressure on spinal cord and nerves

Question 21

spondylolisthesis

Answer 21

forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

Question 22

spondylosis

Answer 22

general term for degenerative vertebral column condition

Question 23

whiplash

Answer 23

cervical muscle and ligament sprain

Question 24

bunion

Answer 24

inflammation of bursa at base of great toe

Question 25

dislocation

Answer 25

bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment

Question 26

gout

Answer 26

type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling; usually in first metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 27

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 27

result in degeneration of bone and jointsl bone rubs against bone

Question 28

prepatellar bursitis

Answer 28

swelling of bursa between patella and skin; seen in persons who kneel often

Question 29

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 29

autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain; results in joint deformities

Question 30

sprain

Answer 30

damage to ligaments around joint due to overstretching; no dislocation or fracture

Question 31

subluxation

Answer 31

incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

Question 32

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 32

autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems and may include joint pain; looks like rheumatoid arthritis

Question 33

talipes

Answer 33

congenital deformity of ankle misalignment; clubfoot

Question 34

arthrogram

Answer 34

x-ray record of a joint

Question 35

arthrography

Answer 35

visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint

Question 36

bone scan

Answer 36

nuclear medicine procedure; radioactive dye is used to visualize bones; useful for identifying stress fractures and metastases

Question 37

dual energy absorpitometry (DXA)

Answer 37

measures bone density using low dose x-ray; detects osteoporosis

Question 38

myelography

Answer 38

study of spinal column after injecting opaque contrast medium; useful for identifying herniated nucleus pulposus

Question 39

radiograph

Answer 39

an xray

Question 40

radiography

Answer 40

uses x-rays to study internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

Question 41

arthroscope

Answer 41

instrument used to view inside joint

Question 42

arthroscopy

Answer 42

examining interior of joint with an arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procedure

Question 43

arthrocentesis

Answer 43

insertion of needle into joint cavity to remove fluid

Question 44

orthotic

Answer 44

brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities

Question 45

prosthesis

Answer 45

artificial device to substitute for a missing or damaged body part