Ch 5 Biology Hormones Flashcards
where are steroid hormones made mainly
derived from cholesterol, made mainly in the adrenal cortex and gonads
how is the hypothalamus connected to the anterior pituitary
secretes compounds into the hypophaseasl portal system. so hormones released from the hypothal travel directly to the anterior pituitary and cannot be found in appreciable concnetrations in systemic circ.
what does the hypothalamus secrete
several different tropic hormones- gnrh, ghrh, trh and crf
when hypothal secretes gnrh, AP secretes…
lh and fsh- lh does ovulation and fsh does follicle maturation
when hypothal secretes ghrh, AP secretes…
gh
when hypothal secretes trh, AP secretes…
tsh- stimulate thyroid to make thyroid hormones
when hypothal secretes crf, AP secretes…
acth
release of pif from hypothal causes
decrease in prolactin secretion
sequence of cortisol activation- after acth is activated, then what
adrenal cortex is stimulated to create cortisol. neg feedback loop where cortisol stops its production by acting on the AP and hypothal.
posterior pituitary releases what
oxytocin (bonding and uterine contractions) and antidiuretic hormone (increases reabsorption of h20). adh is also called vasopressin
products of the anterior pituitary
flatpeg- fsh, lh, acth, tsh, prolactin, endorphins, gh
which hormone controls the thyroid
tsh, thyroid stimulating hormone
where are t3 and t4 and calcitonin made
thyroid. also calcitonin is also made in the thyroid. it decreases plasma calcium levels. when blood calc levels r high it stimulates secretion of calcitonin from the c cells
what does the adrenal cortex secrete
corticosteroids. can be divided into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and cortical sex hormones
what does the adrenal medulla secrete
epi and norepi. these belong to the class of molecules called catecholamines
pancreas secretes what
alpha- glucagon
beta- insulin
delta- somatostatin. this inhibits both ins and gluc secretion
pineal gland secretes
melatonin
testes secrete
testosterone
ovaries secrete
estrogen and progesterone. placenta also secretes estrogen.
kidneys produce
erythropoetin- stimulates bone marrow to produce rbcs
heart makes
atrial natriuretic peptide- promotes salt and water excretion
thymus releases
thymosin, which stimulates t cell devp
steroid hormones
test, est, prog, gluco and mineralo cortics
peptide hormones
fsh, lh, acth, tsh, prol, endorp, gh, adh, oxy, calc, pth, gluc, ins, somato, melat, erythro,anp and thymosin
aa derivatives
t3 and t4, epi and norepi
what do the parathyroids secrete
parathyroid- increases blood calc concs
glucocorticoids
steroid hormones that regulate glucose levels. examples- cortisol and cortisone. the release of GCs are under control of acth.
mineralocorticoids
used in salt and water homeostasis, ex aldosterone
cortical sex hormones
made by adrenal glands are androgens and estrogens.
what do t3 and t4 do
increased amounts of them lead to increased cell respiration. this leads to increased protein and fatty acid turnover by speeding up both synth and degradation. high levels of thyroid hormones lead to decreased tsh and trh and negative feedback prevents excessive secretion of t3 and t4
order of tsh, trh and t3and t4
tsh, trh, t3 and t4
order of acth, crh and cortisol
crh- acth- cortisol
where are oxytocin and adh made
hypothalamus, stored in pp
