Ch 5 Biology Hormones

Question 1

where are steroid hormones made mainly

Answer 1

derived from cholesterol, made mainly in the adrenal cortex and gonads

Question 2

how is the hypothalamus connected to the anterior pituitary

Answer 2

secretes compounds into the hypophaseasl portal system. so hormones released from the hypothal travel directly to the anterior pituitary and cannot be found in appreciable concnetrations in systemic circ.

Question 3

what does the hypothalamus secrete

Answer 3

several different tropic hormones- gnrh, ghrh, trh and crf

Question 4

when hypothal secretes gnrh, AP secretes…

Answer 4

lh and fsh- lh does ovulation and fsh does follicle maturation

Question 5

when hypothal secretes ghrh, AP secretes…

Answer 5

gh

Question 6

when hypothal secretes trh, AP secretes…

Answer 6

tsh- stimulate thyroid to make thyroid hormones

Question 7

when hypothal secretes crf, AP secretes…

Answer 7

acth

Question 8

release of pif from hypothal causes

Answer 8

decrease in prolactin secretion

Question 9

sequence of cortisol activation- after acth is activated, then what

Answer 9

adrenal cortex is stimulated to create cortisol. neg feedback loop where cortisol stops its production by acting on the AP and hypothal.

Question 10

posterior pituitary releases what

Answer 10

oxytocin (bonding and uterine contractions) and antidiuretic hormone (increases reabsorption of h20). adh is also called vasopressin

Question 11

products of the anterior pituitary

Answer 11

flatpeg- fsh, lh, acth, tsh, prolactin, endorphins, gh

Question 12

which hormone controls the thyroid

Answer 12

tsh, thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 13

where are t3 and t4 and calcitonin made

Answer 13

thyroid. also calcitonin is also made in the thyroid. it decreases plasma calcium levels. when blood calc levels r high it stimulates secretion of calcitonin from the c cells

Question 14

what does the adrenal cortex secrete

Answer 14

corticosteroids. can be divided into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and cortical sex hormones

Question 15

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 15

epi and norepi. these belong to the class of molecules called catecholamines

Question 16

pancreas secretes what

Answer 16

alpha- glucagon
beta- insulin
delta- somatostatin. this inhibits both ins and gluc secretion

Question 17

pineal gland secretes

Answer 17

melatonin

Question 18

testes secrete

Answer 18

testosterone

Question 19

ovaries secrete

Answer 19

estrogen and progesterone. placenta also secretes estrogen.

Question 20

kidneys produce

Answer 20

erythropoetin- stimulates bone marrow to produce rbcs

Question 21

heart makes

Answer 21

atrial natriuretic peptide- promotes salt and water excretion

Question 22

thymus releases

Answer 22

thymosin, which stimulates t cell devp

Question 23

steroid hormones

Answer 23

test, est, prog, gluco and mineralo cortics

Question 24

peptide hormones

Answer 24

fsh, lh, acth, tsh, prol, endorp, gh, adh, oxy, calc, pth, gluc, ins, somato, melat, erythro,anp and thymosin

Question 25

aa derivatives

Answer 25

t3 and t4, epi and norepi

Question 26

what do the parathyroids secrete

Answer 26

parathyroid- increases blood calc concs

Question 27

glucocorticoids

Answer 27

steroid hormones that regulate glucose levels. examples- cortisol and cortisone. the release of GCs are under control of acth.

Question 28

mineralocorticoids

Answer 28

used in salt and water homeostasis, ex aldosterone

Question 29

cortical sex hormones

Answer 29

made by adrenal glands are androgens and estrogens.

Question 30

what do t3 and t4 do

Answer 30

increased amounts of them lead to increased cell respiration. this leads to increased protein and fatty acid turnover by speeding up both synth and degradation. high levels of thyroid hormones lead to decreased tsh and trh and negative feedback prevents excessive secretion of t3 and t4

Question 31

order of tsh, trh and t3and t4

Answer 31

tsh, trh, t3 and t4

Question 32

order of acth, crh and cortisol

Answer 32

crh- acth- cortisol

Question 33

where are oxytocin and adh made

Answer 33

hypothalamus, stored in pp