Blueprint/Kaplan/AAMC Orgo Flashcards
how do u make a hemiacetal
aldehyde + alcohol
which is more reactive ald or ket
ald
which is more acidic ald or ket
ald
are alkyl groups edg or ewg
edg
what is a sec butyl substituent
A sec-butyl substituent is four carbons long and the second carbon is attached to the rest of the molecule.
One way to define an oxidation is that
One way to define an oxidation is that there is an increase in carbon to nitrogen bonds.
Hydrocarbon reactivity increases as. what do db and tb cause to happen to e density. what does this mean for reactivity
Hydrocarbon reactivity increases as electron density is increased. Double bonds increase electron density and triple bonds increase it even more. So molecules with triple bonds will be more reactive than those with double bonds and those with only single bonds will be the least reactive.
tert butyl
Tert-butyl includes a single carbon attached to three methyl groups and also bound to the rest of the molecule.
what will the numbering of the carbonyl carbon be
The carbonyl carbon will always be numbered as “1”. (in carb unit)
whats an enolate
An enolate is the intermediate in keto-enol tautomerization under basic conditions, not acidic
do reversible rxns favor tdynamic or kinetic
Reversible reactions favor the thermodynamic product, since it is more stable and favored by equilibrium.
The product of a Michael addition
The product of a Michael addition is a 1,5 dicarbonyl structure.
product of an aldol condensation
An α,β-unsaturated ketone or aldehyde is the product of an aldol condensation
enolates v enols
enolate has a negative charge, enols are not charged
The molecular geometry at the site of nucleophilic addition to a carbon can be:
trigonal planar or linear
what type of rxns favor the e2 mechanism
Reactions carried out in a strongly basic environment, such as that created by tert-butoxide, strongly favor the E2 mechanism.
what do e1 reactions rely on and so what species would be likely to undergo such a rxn
Much like SN1, E1 reactions rely on the formation of a carbocation intermediate. Therefore, species that can readily form a stable carbocation are more likely to undergo an E1 reaction. In this question, the structures pictured are all primary alkyl halides except for this tert-butyl chloride, a tertiary alkyl halide.
D
Students are trying to determine by which elimination reaction mechanism two different reactions are proceeding. The rate of reaction A seems to depend only on the concentration of the substrate, while reaction B seems to depend on both the concentration of base and concentration of substrate. Can a determination be made from this information, and if so, what is it?
E1 reactions obey a unimolecular rate law (rate = k[A]) while E2 reactions obey a bimolecular rate law (rate = k[A][B]). Given that it is already known that elimination reactions are occurring, we can rather confidently assume that reaction A is proceeding through an E1 mechanism while reaction B is proceeding through an E2 mechanism
compare the acidity of phenols and alcs
phenol> alc
compare the acidity of aryls and alkyls amines
aryl> alkyl
how do u define an alcohol as primary, secondary or tertiary
Alcohols are defined as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of alkyl groups on the carbon bonded to the OH. In this image, the alcohol group is attached to a carbon which is bonded to two other methyl groups, making it secondary
how to name with an alc and an amine group
alc is higher priotiry, so the name should end in “ol”
enantiomers are
optically active
can you directly draw a fischer from a chair
its better to make it a haworth first
