B/B BP Diagnostic Flashcards

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1
Q

does histone acetylation or deacetylation allow for increased gene exp

A

acetylation

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2
Q

what are the monocytes

A

monocytes r the largest type of wbc. factors released by epithelium help form a cascade that leads to accumulation of immune cells at injury site

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3
Q

what is smth that tight junctions hallmarks of

A

epithelium

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4
Q

charge of adenine, thymine and ribose(said in dna and rna respectively)

A

neutral

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5
Q

charge of phosphate (said in dna)

A

negative

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6
Q

why does botulism poisoning cause falccid paralysis

A

neurotoxin prevents vesicles from rel acholine.this wldnt cause repeated depol or activation of the musc. the release is needed to activate skeletal musc in the first place. instead, the toxin interferes w nerve impulses and causes flaccid, or sagging, musc paralysis. u need acholine at nmusc junction for skel musc contraction

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7
Q

what are antigens

A

antigens are surface proteins that serve as identifying markers on cells and mols

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8
Q

what are antibodies

A

instead, antibody is the answer bc they r made to recog and bind specific epitopes of biomols like proteins

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9
Q

what causes the ph of blood to get too high

A

hyperventilation- blowing off too much co2

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10
Q

which are the lipid soluble vitamins

A

a,d,e and k

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11
Q

which are the water soluble vitamins

A

b and c

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12
Q

why do obese ppl need more vitamin d

A

lipid soluble vitamins are a,d,e and k. the water soluble ones are b and c. greater amts of subcutaneous fat sequester more of the lipid soluble vitamins and lower their release into the circ. thus, excess fat increases the initial dose of vitamin required to achieve a particular effect

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13
Q

what is the poly a tail imp for

A

poly a tail is imp for nuc export, translation and stability of mrna. the tail is shortened over time and when its short enough the mrna is enzymatically degraded

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14
Q

type 1 restriction enzyme

A

type 1 enzymes cleave at sites remote from recog site and require both atp and s-adenosyl-l met else to fxn

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15
Q

type 2 restriction enzyme

A

cleave within or at short specific distances from their recog sites and often require magnesium

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16
Q

type 3 restriction enzyme

A

cleave at sites at a short distance from their recog sites and need atp, but dont hydrolyze it. s-adenosyl-l met increases the rate of this rxn but isnt required.

17
Q

type 4 restriction enzyme

A

target modified (ex: methylated, hydroxymethylated) dna.

18
Q

what is an azide

A

a powerful nucleophile that can readily add to available ephiles such as nucleotide molecules

19
Q

osmosis

A

refers to particle mvmt, usually water across a memb

20
Q

which is smaller amino acids or insulin

A

amino acids

21
Q

what happens if the imm of the mito is disrupted

A

en released by ox phosph and used to make atp is generated from pot en in the form of a h+ grad, which creates an echem grad across the mito memb. if this memb is disrupted, this grad cant be maintained. without this grad, ox phosph cannot continue to produce atp