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RT 77 pathology > ch. 5 > Flashcards

ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The abdomen is composed of ____ & ____ cavities.

A
  1. Abdominal

2. Pelvic

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2
Q

The abdomen can be divided into 9 Regions what are they?

A
  1. Rt. hypochondriac
  2. Epigastric
  3. Lt. Hypochondriac
  4. Rt. Lateral
  5. Umbilical
  6. Lt. Lateral
  7. Rt. Inguinal
  8. Hypogastric
  9. Lt. Inguinial
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3
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdomen

A
  1. RUQ
  2. RLQ
  3. LUQ
  4. LLQ
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4
Q

The abdominal cavity consist of :

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Intestines
  3. Liver
  4. Gallbladder
  5. Pancreas
  6. kidneys
  7. Ureters
  8. Spleen
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5
Q

The pelvic cavity consist of:

A

Bladder
portions of the intestines
& reproductive organs

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6
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the alimentary tract?

2. What is it composed of ?

A

Digest and absorb food

Composed of:

  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small bowel
  6. Large bowel
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7
Q

The ____ is the first part of the GI system

A

Esophagus

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8
Q

In which quadrant is the stomach located in?

A

LUQ

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9
Q

What is the purpose of peristalsis

A

turns the gastric content and moves it towards the pylorus

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10
Q

What is rugae

A

Ridges within the stomach

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11
Q

How long is the small bowel:____

What is it composed of:____

A

21 ft. long

  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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12
Q

The small bowel arises from the ____ and courses

to the ____.

A

duodenal bulb

Ileocecal valve

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13
Q

The large colon extends from the ___ to ___. It measures ____ long

A
  1. Terminal ileum
  2. Anus
  3. 6 ft. long
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14
Q

What makes up the large bowel?

A

Terminal ileum and appendix,and cecum

Ascending colon and hepatic flexure

Transverse colon and splenic flexure

Descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, and anus

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15
Q

Normal radiographic appearance of abdomen should include which structures?

A
  1. Psoas muscles
  2. Kidneys
  3. Liver
  4. Gallbladder
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16
Q

When is the SBS or SBFT study complete?

A

when the contrast reaches the ileoccecal valve

typically 2-3 hrs.

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17
Q

Gastric tubes placed through the mouth are termed:___

A

Orogastric tubes

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18
Q

Gastric tubes placed through the nose are termed: ____

A

Nasogastric tubes

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19
Q

What is the dobhoff tube

A

Common radiopaque enteral tube

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20
Q

What is a gastostomy tube?

A

G-tube

Tube placed through the wall of the stomach that allows a direct route for liquid nutrition.

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21
Q

Define esophageal atresia

  • Classification:__

- Radiographic sign:___

A

lack of development of the esophagus past a certain point

-Lack of air below the diaphragm

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22
Q

What is the most frequent type of bowel atresia?

What is it?
What are the most common symptom?

A

Ileal atrisia
= Lack of development of the ileumpast a certainpoint

congenital

  1. Abdominal distention
  2. Inability to pass stool
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23
Q
  1. Define duodenal atresia.
  2. Classification:
  3. Radio graphic sign:____
A
  1. Non-existance of the dudoenal lumen
  2. Congenital
  3. . Double bubble sign
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24
Q

What is the most common surgery in infants?

A

Pyloric stenosis

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25
Q
  1. Define pyloric stenosis.
  2. Classification:___
  3. Radiographic sign:_____
A

Narrowing of the pyloric canal.

  1. Congenital
  2. String sign
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26
Q

Term for when intestines are not in their normal position

What exam is used to diagnosis this

A

Malrotation

  • UGI
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27
Q

Define situs inversus

A

complete reversal of organs

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28
Q

_____ refers to the absence of neurons in the bowel wall, mainly in the sigmoid colon,

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

congenital

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29
Q

Define Hirschsprung’s Diseae

Classificaiton:____

Radiographic sign:____-

Test to diagnosis

A

Lack of neurons in the bowel wall , mainly the signoid colon that can lead to a megacolon.

Congenital

mega colon, loss of rugae so th ecolon becomes very smooth

-Barrium enema

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30
Q

Diverticulum of distal ileum in which parts of a duct connects the small bowel to the umbilicus of a fetus.

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

congenital

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31
Q

1.What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

  1. Classification___
  2. Exam to diagnosis this
A
  1. Diverticulum of the distal ileum , part of a duct connects the small bowel to the umbilicus in a fetus
  2. Congenital
  3. Nuclear medicine
32
Q
  1. ____ is the term for narrowing of the esophagus,
  2. Classification
  3. Causes are: ___
  4. What exam diagnosis this:___
A
  1. esophageal strictures
  2. Inflammatory

ingestion of caustic material

Upper endoscopy

33
Q

1.Define Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

A

1.Sphincter that allow that backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus.

34
Q
  1. Define peptic ulcer.
  2. Classification
  3. Exam to diagnose
A

Erosion of the mucosal lining of the lower part of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.

  1. Inflammatory
  2. Upper endoscopy
35
Q
  1. What is gastroenteritis

2. Classification:__

A

Group of inflammatory disorders that cause inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel

  1. Inflammatory
36
Q

Regional enteritis is also known as ____

A

Crohn’s disease

inflammatory

( Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause)

37
Q
  1. What is Regional enteritis?
  2. Classification _
  3. Radiographic sign
  4. Exam to diagnosis
A
  1. Chronic inflmmatory bowel disease of unknown cause.

Inflammatory

Cobble stone or string sign

CT Enterography

38
Q

What is appendicitis

Classification:

Exam for diagnosis ___

A

Inflammation of the vermiform appendicitis caused by obstruction.

Inflammatory

CT

39
Q

Define ulcerative colitis .

  1. Classification___
  2. Radiographic sign
  3. Exam to diagnose
A

Inflammatory bowel disease of the colon mucosa

  1. Inflammatory
  2. Megacolon or loss of haustra ( lead pipe appearance)
  3. Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
40
Q

What is the difference between regional enteritis and ulceratice colitis

A

Regional enteritis begins in the terminal ileum and cecum and descends with “Skip areas”

UC begins at the anus and ascends, results in mega colon, perforation and cancer.

41
Q
  1. veins in the esophagus that are lengthened , dilated and superficial
  2. Classification:
  3. Exam to diagnose
A

esophageal varices

  1. Inflammatory
  2. esophogram
42
Q

Bowel loop protrusion through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall

A

Hernia aka rupture

43
Q

Define hernia

Classification___

A

Bowel loop protrussion through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall

  1. Degenerative
44
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

Classification____

A

Weakness of the esophageal hiatus that results in herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity

-99% are sliding hernias

Degeneratie classification

45
Q

____ % of hiatal hernias are sliding hernias

A

99%

Schatzke’s ring is visible with this condition

46
Q

Abnormal rotation of the stomach that is greater than
180 degrees

classification:____

A

gastric volvulus

Classification: degenerative

47
Q

Describe bowel obstruction

Classification:

Pathology:

Exam to diagnose

Radiographic sign

A
  • Can be 2 types
  • -1. Mechanical: Blockage of bowel lumen
  • -2. Paralytic: Peristalsis failure

Classification: Degenerative

Pathology = subtractive

Exam: AAS

Sign: Step ladder

48
Q

Twisting of a bowel loop is called ____

Classification:___

A

Volvulus

Degenerative

49
Q

Bowel that telecopes into a distal segment

Classification:

radiographic sign __

A

Intussuception

Degenerative

Coiled spring

50
Q

Define achalasia

Classification:

Radiographic sign

Exam to diagnose

A

Failure of the lower esophgeal sphincter to relax due to neuromuscular abnormality

Degenerative

Sign: Beak like appearance at distal esophagus

Esophogram

51
Q

pouch or sac that occurs naturally or is created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat

A

diverticulum

52
Q

Define diverticulosis

A

presense of diverticula without inflammation

53
Q

Define diverticulitis

A

Inflmmation of the diverticula

54
Q

Define esophageal diverticula

classification:

A

mucosal Pouches or sacs in the esophagus

Classification: Degenerative

55
Q

What is colonic diverticula

Classification:

Radiographic sign:

A

Mucosal outpouches of the colon

Neoplastic

Centepede feet

56
Q

What is second most common cause of cancer mortality

Classification:

Radiographic appearance

A

colon cancer

Neoplastic

Napkin ring or apple core lesion

57
Q

What are colon polyps

Classification:

A

small masses of tissue that arises from the bowel wall into the lumen

Neoplastic

58
Q

Define imperforate anus

Classification:

A

absence of exterior anal opening

Congenital

59
Q

cancerous tumors at the gastroesophageal junction region

A

adenocacinoma

60
Q

turns the gastric content and moves it towards the pylorus

A

Peristalsis

61
Q

What are orogatric tube

A

Tubes placed through the mouth

62
Q

What are nasogatric tubes

A

gastric tubes placed thrugh the nose

63
Q

lack of development of the esophagus past a certain point

A

esophageal atriesia

congenital
lack of air below the diaphragm is the radiographic sign

64
Q

Lack of development of the ileum past a certainpoint

A

ileal atresia

most common atresia

congenital

65
Q
  1. Non-existance of the dudoenal lumen
A

duodenal atresia

66
Q

Narrowing of pylori canal

A

pyloric stenosis

congenital

67
Q

what are esophageal stricutres

A

narrowing of the esophagus

inflammatory

68
Q

Incompetant .Sphincter that allow that backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus.

A

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

69
Q

Erosion of the mucosal lining of the lower part of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.

A

peptic ulcer

70
Q

Group of inflammatory disorders that cause inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel

A

gastroenteritis

71
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease of the colon mucoSa

A

ulcerative colitis

72
Q

Chronic inflmmatory bowel disease of unknown cause.

A

regional enteritis

inflammatory

73
Q

esophageal Varices

A

.veins in the esophagus that are lengthened , dilated and superficial

inflammatory

74
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of a bowel loop

degenerative

75
Q

Bowel loop protrussion through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall

76
Q

Weakness of the esophageal hiatus that results in herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity

A

hiatal hernia

degenerative

77
Q

Failure of the lower esophgeal sphincter to relax due to neuromuscular abnormality

A

achalasia

degenerative

RT 77 pathology (13 decks)

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