CH. 11 Flashcards
Endocrine
What is the function of the endocrine system
to control metabolic activities by releasing hormones
List the primary endocrine gland
- Adrenal
- Pineal
- Pituitary
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Thymus
Name the additional hormone producing organs other than the primary endocrine glands
gonads
hypothatlamus
pancreas
_____ is the master endocrine glands
pituitary gland
-located in the sella turcica
which pyramid shaped gland is located on the upper kidney poles
adrenal glands
Name the inner portion of the adrenal glands
what hormone does it secret
adrenal medulla
-secretes epinephrine
Name the outer portion of the adrenal gland
what does it produce
adrenal cortex-
responsible for production of corticosterioids
name the 2 hormones secreted by the thyroid gland
thyroid hormone
calcitonin
____ is a gland that is vital in maintaining normal blood pressure , tissue growth and development
thyroid gland
____ secrets parathyroid hormone
parathyroid gland
what is the function of the parathyroid gland
controls blood calcium
____promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose within liver and eventually releases it into the bloodstream
glucagon
____ decrease blood sugar levels inhibit breakdown of gylcogen into glucose
insulin
Alpha cells of the pancreas produce _____
Glucagon
Beta cells of the pancreas produce _____
Insulin
____ evaluates bone density for osteoporosis
DEXA
double energy x-ray absorptiometry
define osteopenia
visible decrease in bone density on a radiograph
visible decrease in bone density on a radiograph
osteopenia
destruction of integrity of trabecular bone pattern
osteoporosis
define osteoporosis
classification
pathology
destruction of integrity of trabecular bone pattern
or loss of bone mass
degenerative
subtractive
what test can diagnose osteoporosis
dexa
what is the most common metabolic bone disorder
classification
pathology
osteoporosis
degenerative
subtractive
Lack of calcium in tissue and failure of bone tissue to calcify
classification
pathology
osteomalacia
aka rickets
Metabolic
Subtractive
what is osteomalacia
Classification
pathology
lack of calcium in tissue and failure of bone tissue to calcify
Metabolic
Subtractive
osteomalacia that occurs prior to bone plate closure can lead to ____
rickets
another word for osteitis deformans is
paget’s disease
metabolic
both additive and subtractive
metabolic disorder of unknown cause , most common in the elderly, characterized by an early, osteolytic stage and a late, osteoblastic stage
classification
pathology
paget’s disease
metabolic
Both additive and Subtractive
what are the 2 stages of destruction with pagets disease
- osteolytic stage
2. Osteoblastic stage
what is the radiographic apperance of paget’s disease
classification
pathology
wool or fuzzy formation of lateral skull x-ray
metabolic
Both additive and subtractive
Which endocrine disorder is caused by a disturbance in the function of the pituitary gland
acromegaly
what is indicated if the radiographic appearance of an enlarged sella turcica
acromegaly
decrease level or absence of pituitary hormones
hypopituitarism
A syndrome resulting from excessive production of glucocorticoids
cushing’s syndrome
rare disease of primary adrenal insufficiency
addison’s disease
which diabetes is insulin resistant
type 2
which diabetes is a genetic disorder and is associated with juvenile diabetes
type 1
hyperthyroidism is most frequently caused by an autoimmune disorder termed ____
Graves disease
common disorder of the thyroid gland and results from a deficiency of TH
Hypothyroidism
disturbance in calcium metabolism
classification
pathology
nephrocalcinosis
Metabolic
Additive
- caused by hyperparathyroidism
Define nephrocaclinosis
classification
pathology
disturbance in calcium metabolism in which there is tiny deposits of calcium dispersed within the renal parenchyma
caused by hyperparathyroidism
metabolic
additive
: A disease marked by progressive enlargement of the head, hands, and feet caused by abnormal secretion of growth hormone
acromegaly
Increased urination and thirst due to inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone
diabetes insipidus
A carbohydrate metabolism disorder due to inadequate production or use of insulin
diabetes
An autoimmune disorder in which the body creates antibodies that fight the thyroid TSH receptor, causing the thyroid gland to secrete excess amounts of this hormone
graves disease
Hormones synthesis and release in response to other hormones secreted in the body
hormonal stimuli
___ Regulates metabolic activity in the endocrine system
hormones
: Hormones synthesis and released in response to changes in blood chemistry
humoral stimuli
Hormones synthesis and released in response to the sympathetic nervous system
neural stimuli
Gland located in the mid-abdomen just posterior to the stomach, which functions both as an endocrine and exocrine organ and produces glucagon and insulin
pancreas
the pituitary is located in the _____ but it controlled by the ______.
Sella turcica within the sphenoid bone
hypothalamus
syndrome that is associated with chronic hyperglycemia in combo with glucose intolerance and alterations in matabolism of carbs, fats and protiens.
Diabetes
____ applies to any disorder that disrupts the calcium phosphate ratio and results in an elevated level of PTH
hyperparathyroidism
