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RT 77 pathology > CH. 11 > Flashcards

CH. 11 Flashcards

Endocrine

1
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system

A

to control metabolic activities by releasing hormones

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2
Q

List the primary endocrine gland

A
  1. Adrenal
  2. Pineal
  3. Pituitary
  4. Thyroid
  5. Parathyroid
  6. Thymus
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3
Q

Name the additional hormone producing organs other than the primary endocrine glands

A

gonads
hypothatlamus
pancreas

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4
Q

_____ is the master endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

-located in the sella turcica

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5
Q

which pyramid shaped gland is located on the upper kidney poles

A

adrenal glands

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6
Q

Name the inner portion of the adrenal glands

what hormone does it secret

A

adrenal medulla

-secretes epinephrine

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7
Q

Name the outer portion of the adrenal gland

what does it produce

A

adrenal cortex-

responsible for production of corticosterioids

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8
Q

name the 2 hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

A

thyroid hormone

calcitonin

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9
Q

____ is a gland that is vital in maintaining normal blood pressure , tissue growth and development

A

thyroid gland

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10
Q

____ secrets parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid gland

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11
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid gland

A

controls blood calcium

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12
Q

____promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose within liver and eventually releases it into the bloodstream

A

glucagon

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13
Q

____ decrease blood sugar levels inhibit breakdown of gylcogen into glucose

A

insulin

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14
Q

Alpha cells of the pancreas produce _____

A

Glucagon

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15
Q

Beta cells of the pancreas produce _____

A

Insulin

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16
Q

____ evaluates bone density for osteoporosis

A

DEXA

double energy x-ray absorptiometry

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17
Q

define osteopenia

A

visible decrease in bone density on a radiograph

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18
Q

visible decrease in bone density on a radiograph

A

osteopenia

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19
Q

destruction of integrity of trabecular bone pattern

A

osteoporosis

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20
Q

define osteoporosis

classification

pathology

A

destruction of integrity of trabecular bone pattern

or loss of bone mass

degenerative
subtractive

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21
Q

what test can diagnose osteoporosis

A

dexa

22
Q

what is the most common metabolic bone disorder

classification
pathology

A

osteoporosis

degenerative
subtractive

23
Q

Lack of calcium in tissue and failure of bone tissue to calcify

classification
pathology

A

osteomalacia
aka rickets

Metabolic
Subtractive

24
Q

what is osteomalacia

Classification
pathology

A

lack of calcium in tissue and failure of bone tissue to calcify

Metabolic
Subtractive

25
Q

osteomalacia that occurs prior to bone plate closure can lead to ____

A

rickets

26
Q

another word for osteitis deformans is

A

paget’s disease

metabolic
both additive and subtractive

27
Q

metabolic disorder of unknown cause , most common in the elderly, characterized by an early, osteolytic stage and a late, osteoblastic stage

classification
pathology

A

paget’s disease

metabolic

Both additive and Subtractive

28
Q

what are the 2 stages of destruction with pagets disease

A
  1. osteolytic stage

2. Osteoblastic stage

29
Q

what is the radiographic apperance of paget’s disease

classification
pathology

A

wool or fuzzy formation of lateral skull x-ray

metabolic
Both additive and subtractive

30
Q

Which endocrine disorder is caused by a disturbance in the function of the pituitary gland

A

acromegaly

31
Q

what is indicated if the radiographic appearance of an enlarged sella turcica

A

acromegaly

32
Q

decrease level or absence of pituitary hormones

A

hypopituitarism

33
Q

A syndrome resulting from excessive production of glucocorticoids

A

cushing’s syndrome

34
Q

rare disease of primary adrenal insufficiency

A

addison’s disease

35
Q

which diabetes is insulin resistant

A

type 2

36
Q

which diabetes is a genetic disorder and is associated with juvenile diabetes

A

type 1

37
Q

hyperthyroidism is most frequently caused by an autoimmune disorder termed ____

A

Graves disease

38
Q

common disorder of the thyroid gland and results from a deficiency of TH

A

Hypothyroidism

39
Q

disturbance in calcium metabolism

classification
pathology

A

nephrocalcinosis

Metabolic
Additive

  • caused by hyperparathyroidism
40
Q

Define nephrocaclinosis

classification

pathology

A

disturbance in calcium metabolism in which there is tiny deposits of calcium dispersed within the renal parenchyma

caused by hyperparathyroidism
metabolic
additive

41
Q

: A disease marked by progressive enlargement of the head, hands, and feet caused by abnormal secretion of growth hormone

A

acromegaly

42
Q

Increased urination and thirst due to inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone

A

diabetes insipidus

43
Q

A carbohydrate metabolism disorder due to inadequate production or use of insulin

A

diabetes

44
Q

An autoimmune disorder in which the body creates antibodies that fight the thyroid TSH receptor, causing the thyroid gland to secrete excess amounts of this hormone

A

graves disease

45
Q

Hormones synthesis and release in response to other hormones secreted in the body

A

hormonal stimuli

46
Q

___ Regulates metabolic activity in the endocrine system

A

hormones

47
Q

: Hormones synthesis and released in response to changes in blood chemistry

A

humoral stimuli

48
Q

Hormones synthesis and released in response to the sympathetic nervous system

A

neural stimuli

49
Q

Gland located in the mid-abdomen just posterior to the stomach, which functions both as an endocrine and exocrine organ and produces glucagon and insulin

A

pancreas

50
Q

the pituitary is located in the _____ but it controlled by the ______.

A

Sella turcica within the sphenoid bone

hypothalamus

51
Q

syndrome that is associated with chronic hyperglycemia in combo with glucose intolerance and alterations in matabolism of carbs, fats and protiens.

A

Diabetes

52
Q

____ applies to any disorder that disrupts the calcium phosphate ratio and results in an elevated level of PTH

A

hyperparathyroidism

RT 77 pathology (13 decks)

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