Ch 49

Question 0

Saturated fat are what for cholesterol production in liver

Answer 0

Substrates

Question 1

Risk of CAD (coronary artery disease) is directly related to what

Answer 1

LDL cholesterol in blood

Question 2

Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoEnzyme A (HMG CoA)catalyzes what synthesis

Answer 2

Cholesterol in the liver

Question 3

Drugs that inhibit HMG CoA are most effective at what

Answer 3

Lowering LDL cholesterol

Question 4

Give HMG CoA inhibitor most effective at night because

Answer 4

Cholesterol synthesis increases at night

Question 5

I, A-11 delivers cholesterol to

Answer 5

Non hepatic cells

Question 6

B-100 delivers cholesterol to

Answer 6

Hepatic cells

Question 7

Very low density lipoproteins are

Answer 7

Triglycerides

Question 8

LDLs account for 60-70% of cholesterol in the blood and deliver cholesterol to

Answer 8

Non hepatic tissue

Question 9

HDLs protects CAD and accounts for 20-30% of all cholesterol in blood. Function is to deliver cholesterol from peripheral tissues to where

Answer 9

Back to the liver

Question 10

What does HDLs promote

Answer 10

Removal of cholesterol

Question 11

LDL initiates and fuels development of what

Answer 11

Atherosclerosis

Question 12

What is the “end result” of atherosclerosis process

Answer 12

Atherosclerotic lesion (large lipid core and tough fibrous cap)

Question 13

What’s a desirable number for total cholesterol and what’s high risk

Answer 13

Desirable is < 200 mg/dl

High risk is > 240 mg/dl

Question 14

Desirable number for HDLS

Answer 14

> 35 mg/dl

Question 15

Desirable number for LDL cholesterol

Answer 15

< 130 mg/dl

Question 16

What are 3 ways to manage high LDL cholesterol(non drug measures)

Answer 16

Diet modification
Reduction of LDL cholesterol
Reduction of body weight

Question 17

What are 5 drugs used to lower lipids

Answer 17

HMG CoA reluctase inhibitors 
Bile acid binding resins 
Nicotinic acid 
Fibric acid derivatives 
Estrogen

Question 18

Lovastatin (mevacor) is a HMG CoA reluctase inhibitor improves HDLS and lowers all LDLs by doing what

Answer 18

Increasing LDL receptors in the hepatocytes

Question 19

Lovastatin (mevacor) is dose dependent and has what 3 adverse effects

Answer 19

Headache
Rash
Hepatotoxicity (rare)

Question 20

Cholestyramine (questran) is a bile acid binding resin increases LDL receptors in the liver and also

Answer 20

Forms a complex with bile acid preventing absorption of bile acid thereby accelerating excretion

Question 21

Excretion of LDLs cholesterol demands more synthesis, bile acid is also formed from cholesterol so cholestyramine (questran) makes liver cells synthesize more and lowers

Answer 21

Circulating LDL cholesterol

Question 22

Cholestyramine (questran) has 2 adverse effects

Answer 22

Constipation

Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Question 23

Nicotinic acid decreases production if VLDLs and has 4 adverse effects

Answer 23

Skin(flushing and itching)
Gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, gastric upset)
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperglycemia

Question 24

Gemfibrozil (lopid) is a fibric acid, the mechanism is unknown and it reduces VLDLs. What are the 4 adverse effects

Answer 24

Rashes
Gastrointestinal
Gallstones
Hepatotoxicity

Question 25

Estrogen works in what ways on post menopausal women

Answer 25

Reduces LDLs by 15-25% and increases HDLs by 10-15%