Ch 46 Flashcards
If systolic > 140 and diastolic <90 then what is diagnosed
Isolated systolic hypertension
Hypertension affects 50 million Americans and if untreated can lead to what 4 things
Heart disease
Kidney disease
Blindness
Stroke
Primary hypertension makes up 92% of diagnoses and what makes up the other 8
Secondary hypertension
What’s the objective of hypertensive therapy
Treating hypertension to reduce morbidity and mortality without decreasing the quality of life with the drugs employed
What’s the first step in selecting treatment for hypertension: must check for 3 things
Major cardiovascular risk factors
Clinical cardiovascular disease
Target organ damage
What are 6 lifestyle modifications that can help manage hypertension
Weight loss Sodium restriction Alcohol redistribution Exercise Smoking cessation Potassium/calcium intake
Set point of baroreceptors is high in people with high BP and drugs used to lower BP will cause body to try and compensate so what type of medication must be used to assist with this
Beta blockers
What are two diuretics used to treat hypertension?
Hydrochlorothyazide
Furosemide
What are the 2 actions of diuretics used to treat hypertension
Reduction of blood volume
Reduction of arterial resistance
What are 4 adverse effects of diuretics used to treat hypertension
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Adrenergic antagonists or agonists help as antihypertensive treatments because it suppresses influence of SNS on what 2 areas
Heart
Blood vessels
What two centrally acting alpha 2 agonist are used to treat hypertension
Clonidine
Methyldopa
What adrenergic neuron blocking agent is used for hypertension
Prazosine
What two direct acting vasodilators are used to treat hypertension
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
What 3 CCBs agents are used to treat hypertension
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
What ACE inhibitor is used to trey hypertension
Captopril
What angiotensin receptor blocker is used to treat hypertension
Losartan
What two treatments for hypertension are preferred in patients with no comorbid conditions present
Diuretics and beta blockers
When using two or more drugs to treat hypertension each drug should come from a different class because of what reason
Different mechanism of action
There are significant benefits when using two or more drugs for hypertension but drug dose should be what
Low initially and then gradually increase
What is step down therapy
After BP has been controlled for one year, attempt should be made to reduce dosages and number of drugs in treatment
Secondary hypertension is higher in what age population
Children
Hypertension is the most common complication in pregnancy and is treated with what drug of choice
Methyldopa
What are 5 EMERGENCY treatments for hypertension (diastolic >120)
Sodium nitroprusside Nifedipine Labetalol Diazoxide Trimethaphan
Baseline data nurses assess for hypertension are electrocardiogram, hemoglobin and hematocrit, blood levels of Na, K, Ca, creatine, glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol and what other two things
Blood pressure
Complete urine analysis
