Ch 46

Question 0

If systolic > 140 and diastolic <90 then what is diagnosed

Answer 0

Isolated systolic hypertension

Question 1

Hypertension affects 50 million Americans and if untreated can lead to what 4 things

Answer 1

Heart disease
Kidney disease
Blindness
Stroke

Question 2

Primary hypertension makes up 92% of diagnoses and what makes up the other 8

Answer 2

Secondary hypertension

Question 3

What’s the objective of hypertensive therapy

Answer 3

Treating hypertension to reduce morbidity and mortality without decreasing the quality of life with the drugs employed

Question 4

What’s the first step in selecting treatment for hypertension: must check for 3 things

Answer 4

Major cardiovascular risk factors
Clinical cardiovascular disease
Target organ damage

Question 5

What are 6 lifestyle modifications that can help manage hypertension

Answer 5

Weight loss 
Sodium restriction 
Alcohol redistribution 
Exercise 
Smoking cessation 
Potassium/calcium intake

Question 6

Set point of baroreceptors is high in people with high BP and drugs used to lower BP will cause body to try and compensate so what type of medication must be used to assist with this

Answer 6

Beta blockers

Question 7

What are two diuretics used to treat hypertension?

Answer 7

Hydrochlorothyazide

Furosemide

Question 8

What are the 2 actions of diuretics used to treat hypertension

Answer 8

Reduction of blood volume

Reduction of arterial resistance

Question 9

What are 4 adverse effects of diuretics used to treat hypertension

Answer 9

Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia

Question 10

Adrenergic antagonists or agonists help as antihypertensive treatments because it suppresses influence of SNS on what 2 areas

Answer 10

Heart

Blood vessels

Question 11

What two centrally acting alpha 2 agonist are used to treat hypertension

Answer 11

Clonidine

Methyldopa

Question 12

What adrenergic neuron blocking agent is used for hypertension

Answer 12

Prazosine

Question 13

What two direct acting vasodilators are used to treat hypertension

Answer 13

Hydralazine

Minoxidil

Question 14

What 3 CCBs agents are used to treat hypertension

Answer 14

Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem

Question 15

What ACE inhibitor is used to trey hypertension

Answer 15

Captopril

Question 16

What angiotensin receptor blocker is used to treat hypertension

Answer 16

Losartan

Question 17

What two treatments for hypertension are preferred in patients with no comorbid conditions present

Answer 17

Diuretics and beta blockers

Question 18

When using two or more drugs to treat hypertension each drug should come from a different class because of what reason

Answer 18

Different mechanism of action

Question 19

There are significant benefits when using two or more drugs for hypertension but drug dose should be what

Answer 19

Low initially and then gradually increase

Question 20

What is step down therapy

Answer 20

After BP has been controlled for one year, attempt should be made to reduce dosages and number of drugs in treatment

Question 21

Secondary hypertension is higher in what age population

Answer 21

Children

Question 22

Hypertension is the most common complication in pregnancy and is treated with what drug of choice

Answer 22

Methyldopa

Question 23

What are 5 EMERGENCY treatments for hypertension (diastolic >120)

Answer 23

Sodium nitroprusside
Nifedipine
Labetalol
Diazoxide
Trimethaphan

Question 24

Baseline data nurses assess for hypertension are electrocardiogram, hemoglobin and hematocrit, blood levels of Na, K, Ca, creatine, glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol and what other two things

Answer 24

Blood pressure

Complete urine analysis