Ch 40 Flashcards
Where in the kidney does active tubular secretion happen?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What are the two pumps for in the kidneys?
One pump is for organic acids and one is for organic bases
What are diuretics method of action?
Blockade of sodium and chloride reabsorption
Diuretics create what type of pressure in the nephron that prevents passive reabsorption of water?
Osmotic pressure
What are 3 side effects of using diuretics?
Hypovolemia
Acid base imbalance
Electrolyte imbalances
What is Hypovolemia?
Shock from decreased body fluid
What are the 4 types of diuretics?
Osmotic
High ceiling (loop)
Thiazide
Potassium sparing (aldosterone antagonist and non aldosterone antagonist)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used for what?
Lower intraocular pressure not increase urine output
What is the osmotic diuretic used for example?
Mannitol ( osmitrol )
What are 3 uses for an osmotic diuretic?
Renal failure
Increased intracranial pressure
Increased intraocular pressure
What is the medication used for example in high ceiling (loop) diuretics?
Furosemide (LASIX)
What are the uses for a high ceiling diuretic?
Pulmonary edema
Edematous states
Hypertension
Furosemide (LASIX) aka high ceiling diuretic has a slow or fast onset?
A rapid onset
What are 7 adverse effects of high ceiling diuretic?
Hypotension (low pressure) Hypokalemia (low potassium) Hyponatremia (low sodium) Ototoxicity (hearing impairment) Hyperglycemia (high glucose) Hyperuricemia (high uric acid) Hyperlipidemia (high lipids)
Where in the kidneys do high ceiling diuretics work?
Ascending loop of henle
Where in the kidney do osmotic diuretics work?
Diuresis in lumen of the nephron
What is the medication used for an example in thiazide diuretics?
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydroDIURIL)
What are the uses for thiazide diuretics?
Hypertension
Edematous states
Diabetes insipidus (excessive production of urine) (mechanism of urine reduction is unknown)
Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide-hydroDIURIL) are the most widely used diuretics and peak when after administration?
4-6 hours
Where do thiazide diuretics work in be kidney?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is the medication used for as an example in potassium sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone (aldactone)
What are the uses for potassium sparing diuretics?
Hypertension
Edematous states
Severe heart failure
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone (aldactone) PSD acts where in the kidney?
Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron
