Ch 43 Flashcards
There are three types of angiotensin: type I, type II, and type III. What are some characteristics?
Type I is a precursor of type II and has little biological activity.
Type II has very high biological activity.
Type III is the degradation of type II and has moderate activity.
Drugs that act on the renin angiotensin system regulate what 3 things?
Regulation of blood pressure
Regulation of blood volume
Regulation of electrolyte balance
A decline in BP, BV, sodium content, and renal pressure triggers production of RENIN. Renin catalyzes what
Angiotensin I from angiotensinogen
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE or kinase II) catalyzes what
Angiotensin I (inactive)into angiotensin II (very active)
What are 4 actions of angiotensin II?
Vasoconstriction
Stimulates aldosterone release
Contraction of smooth muscle
Release epinephrine from adrenal medulla
Aldosterone acts on kidney in what way?
Increases sodium/potassium exchange (retains sodium increasing BV and BP)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors are treatment for what 4 things
Hypertension
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Diabetic nephropathy
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are only approved for treatment of what
Hypertension
What is the medication used as an example for ACE inhibitors?
Captopril, used worldwide.
Captopril (ACE inhibitor) is taken orally and 70% can be absorbed but can be reduced by what
Food so take one hour prior to meals
What are 3 adverse effects of captopril?
Cough
First dose hypotension
Hyperkalemia
ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) block action where?
At receptor site
What’s the medication used as an example for ARB?
Losartan (cozaar) Approved only for hypertension but may be useful in heart failure
Losartan (cozaar) -ARB may cause birth defects during what trimesters?
2nd and 3rd
What are two adverse effects of losartan (Canaar) -ARB
Dizziness
Birth defects
