Ch. 4

Question 1

Background extinction

Answer 1

Low rate that occurs with changing env conditions for 1 to 5 species for each million species on the earth

Question 2

biopharming

Answer 2

genetically engineering animals act as biofactories for producing stuff

Question 3

Chemical evolution

Answer 3

First phase of evolution, chemical reactions change in first billion years to later lead to life

Question 4

Coevolution

Answer 4

Changes in gene pool of one species lead to changes in that of the other.

Question 5

Differential reproduction

Answer 5

Individuals with a trait must leave more offspring for evolution to favor that trait

Question 6

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 6

When microorganisms feed on infect or come into close contact with another species and transfer genetic information in doing so

Question 7

Mass depletion

Answer 7

Extinction rates higher than normal but not high enough to count as mass extinction

Question 8

Mass extinction

Answer 8

Significant rise in background extinction, Ordovician, Devonian Permian Triassic Cretaceous and anthropocene

Question 9

Endemic species

Answer 9

Those only in one area

Question 10

Fundamental niche

Answer 10

Full potential niche if no competition

Question 11

Generalist species

Answer 11

Broad niches, like flies cockroaches rats white-tailed dear raccoons coyotes copperheads starlings humans and weeds

Question 12

Genetic variability

Answer 12

First step in evolution, occurs through mutations

Question 13

Recombinant DNA

Answer 13

Altered DNA that contains portions of genes from organisms of different species

Question 14

Synthetic biology

Answer 14

Goes beyond genetic engineering to change fundamental components of cells to use them to rebuild organisms

Question 15

3 reasons for human success

Answer 15

Strong opposable thumbs complex brain and ability to walk upright