Ch. 10

Question 1

Bequest value

Answer 1

Willingness to pay for something for use by future generations

Question 2

Clear-cutting

Answer 2

All trees are removed, used for those that grow well in full sunlight

Question 3

Community forestry

Answer 3

Small plantations of fast growing fuelwood trees around farms and in community woodlots

Question 4

Conservation concession

Answer 4

Nations are paid for concessions that preserve their resources

Question 5

Conservation easements

Answer 5

Restrictions on a deed that bar future owners from developing the land

Question 6

Creaming

Answer 6

Selective cutting by removing the largest trees, causes loss of biodiversity

Question 7

Crown fires

Answer 7

Extremely hot ones that burn whole trees, occur where fires are suppressed, can destroy vegetation, kill wildlife, increase erosion, and damage human structures

Question 8

Debt for nature swap

Answer 8

Financially attractive for countries to protect tropical forests, Participating countries protect reserves in return for foreign aid and debt relief

Question 9

Ecoregion

Answer 9

Network of corridors connecting protected areas

Question 10

Ground fires

Answer 10

Burn underground peat and decayed leaves, common in northern peat bogs. Difficult to detect

Question 11

Habitat corridors

Answer 11

Connects isolated reserves and supports more species and allows migration

Question 12

Healthy Forest Restoration Act

Answer 12

Timber companies can cut down valuable medium and large trees in national forests if they clear away fire prone trees and underbrush.

Question 13

Kenaf

Answer 13

Woody annual plant makes paper and yields more paper pulp per hectare and requires fewer pesticides and herbicides

Question 14

Land trust groups

Answer 14

Private nonprofit groups that protect large areas of land.

Question 15

National Forest System

Answer 15

Contains 155 national forests and 22 grasslands managed by the US Forest Service

Question 16

National Park System

Answer 16

58 national parks that experience erosion and degraded area because of tourists. Rangers work in unnecessary work like crowd control instead of education and conservation management

Question 17

Nature Conservancy

Answer 17

A private group that created the largest system of private natural areas and wildlife sanctuaries in 30 countries

Question 18

Buffer zone concept

Answer 18

Protecting an inner core of a reserve by establishing two buffer zones in which local people can extract resources in ways that don’t harm the inner core

Question 19

Overgrazing

Answer 19

When too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a grassland area

Question 20

Pasture

Answer 20

Managed grasslands or enclosed meadows usually planted with domesticated grasses or other forage

Question 21

Prescribed burning

Answer 21

Small surface fires that clear out fire prone trees and underbrush in high risk forest areas

Question 22

Rangelands

Answer 22

Unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that supply food for grazing and browsing animals.

Question 23

Rewilding

Answer 23

Altering the nature and location of ecosystems and reserves

Question 24

Rotational grazing

Answer 24

Cattle are confined by portable fencing and moved every couple of days

Question 25

Savannization

Answer 25

Converting deforested areas into a savanna

Question 26

Slash

Answer 26

Highly flammable logging debris

Question 27

Selective cutting

Answer 27

Intermediate or old trees are cut in small groups, reducing crowding, encourages growth of younger trees, and allows for multiple use of forests

Question 28

Strip cutting

Answer 28

Clear cutting a strip of trees along the contour of land to allow natural regeneration within a few years

Question 29

Surface fires

Answer 29

Burn only underbrush and leaf litter on the forest floor, may kill small trees and very little animals

Question 30

Tree plantation

Answer 30

Managed place with same trees that are harvested by clear cutting and replanted in a regular cycle

Question 31

US Wilderness Act of 1964

Answer 31

Allows government to protect undeveloped tracts of public land from development as part of National Wilderness Preservation System.

Question 32

Wilderness

Answer 32

Legally setting aside areas to protect them from human exploitation.