Ch. 10 Flashcards
Bequest value
Willingness to pay for something for use by future generations
Clear-cutting
All trees are removed, used for those that grow well in full sunlight
Community forestry
Small plantations of fast growing fuelwood trees around farms and in community woodlots
Conservation concession
Nations are paid for concessions that preserve their resources
Conservation easements
Restrictions on a deed that bar future owners from developing the land
Creaming
Selective cutting by removing the largest trees, causes loss of biodiversity
Crown fires
Extremely hot ones that burn whole trees, occur where fires are suppressed, can destroy vegetation, kill wildlife, increase erosion, and damage human structures
Debt for nature swap
Financially attractive for countries to protect tropical forests, Participating countries protect reserves in return for foreign aid and debt relief
Ecoregion
Network of corridors connecting protected areas
Ground fires
Burn underground peat and decayed leaves, common in northern peat bogs. Difficult to detect
Habitat corridors
Connects isolated reserves and supports more species and allows migration
Healthy Forest Restoration Act
Timber companies can cut down valuable medium and large trees in national forests if they clear away fire prone trees and underbrush.
Kenaf
Woody annual plant makes paper and yields more paper pulp per hectare and requires fewer pesticides and herbicides
Land trust groups
Private nonprofit groups that protect large areas of land.
National Forest System
Contains 155 national forests and 22 grasslands managed by the US Forest Service
National Park System
58 national parks that experience erosion and degraded area because of tourists. Rangers work in unnecessary work like crowd control instead of education and conservation management
Nature Conservancy
A private group that created the largest system of private natural areas and wildlife sanctuaries in 30 countries
Buffer zone concept
Protecting an inner core of a reserve by establishing two buffer zones in which local people can extract resources in ways that don’t harm the inner core
Overgrazing
When too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a grassland area
Pasture
Managed grasslands or enclosed meadows usually planted with domesticated grasses or other forage
Prescribed burning
Small surface fires that clear out fire prone trees and underbrush in high risk forest areas
Rangelands
Unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that supply food for grazing and browsing animals.
Rewilding
Altering the nature and location of ecosystems and reserves
Rotational grazing
Cattle are confined by portable fencing and moved every couple of days
Savannization
Converting deforested areas into a savanna
Slash
Highly flammable logging debris
Selective cutting
Intermediate or old trees are cut in small groups, reducing crowding, encourages growth of younger trees, and allows for multiple use of forests
Strip cutting
Clear cutting a strip of trees along the contour of land to allow natural regeneration within a few years
Surface fires
Burn only underbrush and leaf litter on the forest floor, may kill small trees and very little animals
Tree plantation
Managed place with same trees that are harvested by clear cutting and replanted in a regular cycle
US Wilderness Act of 1964
Allows government to protect undeveloped tracts of public land from development as part of National Wilderness Preservation System.
Wilderness
Legally setting aside areas to protect them from human exploitation.
