Ch. 12

Question 1

Asian carp

Answer 1

Invasive fish in the Great Lakes. Has no natural predators and is only prevented from entering by an electric barrier.

Question 2

Asian swamp eel

Answer 2

Invaded waterways of Florida, eats many fish by sucking them in. Can elude resistance by burrowing in mud banks. Could reach Chesapeake Bay

Question 3

Baleen whales

Answer 3

Filter feeders that use plates of baleen that hang from their upper jaw to filter plankton like tiny krill.

Question 4

Cetaceans

Answer 4

Marine mammals like the porpoise and blue whale

Question 5

Comanagement

Answer 5

coastal communities work with the government to manage fisheries. Government divides quotas for various communities and limit harvest of a species.

Question 6

High seas

Answer 6

Ocean areas beyond the legal jurisdiction of any country

Question 7

Integrated coastal management

Answer 7

Community based effort to develop and use coastal resources more sustainably.

Question 8

Marine protected areas (MPAs)

Answer 8

Areas of ocean partially protected from human activities

Question 9

Marine reserved

Answer 9

Areas where no extraction and alteration of any living or nonliving resource is allowed

Question 10

Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

Answer 10

Model to project the maximum number of fish that can be harvested annually without causing population drop

Question 11

Mitigation banking

Answer 11

Allows destruction of existing wetlands as long as an equal area of the same wetland is created or restored.

Question 12

Optimum sustainable yield

Answer 12

Concept that takes into account interactions with other species and changing ocean conditions.

Question 13

Precautionary principle

Answer 13

Sharply reducing fish harvests and closing some overfished areas until they recover

Question 14

Purple loosestrife

Answer 14

Perennial plant that grows in wetlands in parts of Europe that was imported into America. Displaces native vegetation, controlled by a weevil species and leaf eating beetle.

Question 15

Quagga mussel

Answer 15

Discharged in ballast water if russian freighter. Can survive extreme depths and temps, and can colonize new areas.

Question 16

Sea lampreys

Answer 16

Reached Great Lakes in 1920s and sucks out blood of victim. Population is controlled by an expensive chemical that kills its children.

Question 17

Toothed whales

Answer 17

Porpoise sperm whale and killer whale that bite and chew their food

Question 18

Zebra mussel

Answer 18

Arrived by European ballast water in Michigan lake. No natural enemies, controlled somewhat by native sponge, increase water clarity by consuming algae.

Question 19

Trawler fishing

Answer 19

Drag a funnel shaped net open at the neck along the ocean bottom, Scrapes everything everything along the bottom, can capture bycatch

Question 20

Purse-seine fishing

Answer 20

Catch surface dwelling fish like tuna mackerel anchovies and herring, then close the net to catch the fish, also catches bycatch

Question 21

Longline fishing

Answer 21

Very long lines with baited hooks, can also catch bycatch

Question 22

Drift net fishing

Answer 22

Fish are caught by huge drifting nets can lead to overfishing and bycatch. Restricted use by UN because fish get caught in gills

Question 23

International whaling commission (IWC)

Answer 23

Set annual quotas to prevent over harvesting and commercial extinction.