Ch. 12 Flashcards
Asian carp
Invasive fish in the Great Lakes. Has no natural predators and is only prevented from entering by an electric barrier.
Asian swamp eel
Invaded waterways of Florida, eats many fish by sucking them in. Can elude resistance by burrowing in mud banks. Could reach Chesapeake Bay
Baleen whales
Filter feeders that use plates of baleen that hang from their upper jaw to filter plankton like tiny krill.
Cetaceans
Marine mammals like the porpoise and blue whale
Comanagement
coastal communities work with the government to manage fisheries. Government divides quotas for various communities and limit harvest of a species.
High seas
Ocean areas beyond the legal jurisdiction of any country
Integrated coastal management
Community based effort to develop and use coastal resources more sustainably.
Marine protected areas (MPAs)
Areas of ocean partially protected from human activities
Marine reserved
Areas where no extraction and alteration of any living or nonliving resource is allowed
Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)
Model to project the maximum number of fish that can be harvested annually without causing population drop
Mitigation banking
Allows destruction of existing wetlands as long as an equal area of the same wetland is created or restored.
Optimum sustainable yield
Concept that takes into account interactions with other species and changing ocean conditions.
Precautionary principle
Sharply reducing fish harvests and closing some overfished areas until they recover
Purple loosestrife
Perennial plant that grows in wetlands in parts of Europe that was imported into America. Displaces native vegetation, controlled by a weevil species and leaf eating beetle.
Quagga mussel
Discharged in ballast water if russian freighter. Can survive extreme depths and temps, and can colonize new areas.
Sea lampreys
Reached Great Lakes in 1920s and sucks out blood of victim. Population is controlled by an expensive chemical that kills its children.
Toothed whales
Porpoise sperm whale and killer whale that bite and chew their food
Zebra mussel
Arrived by European ballast water in Michigan lake. No natural enemies, controlled somewhat by native sponge, increase water clarity by consuming algae.
Trawler fishing
Drag a funnel shaped net open at the neck along the ocean bottom, Scrapes everything everything along the bottom, can capture bycatch
Purse-seine fishing
Catch surface dwelling fish like tuna mackerel anchovies and herring, then close the net to catch the fish, also catches bycatch
Longline fishing
Very long lines with baited hooks, can also catch bycatch
Drift net fishing
Fish are caught by huge drifting nets can lead to overfishing and bycatch. Restricted use by UN because fish get caught in gills
International whaling commission (IWC)
Set annual quotas to prevent over harvesting and commercial extinction.
