Ch. 34 Bio

Question 1

Four characteristics of chordates

Answer 1

1. notochord
2. dorsal, hollow nerve cord
3. pharyngeal slits or clefts
4. muscular, post anal tail

Question 2

The ______ is longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord

Answer 2

notochord

Question 3

The notochord provides _________ support throughout most of the length of a chordate

Answer 3

skeletal

Question 4

The ______ cord of a chordate embryo develops from a plate of ________ that rolls into a tube _____ to the notochord

Answer 4

nerve, ectoderm, dorsal

Question 5

The nerve cord develops into the _____ ______ system; the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 5

central nervous

Question 6

In all chordate embryos, grooves form along the outer surface of the pharynx called ________ _______

Answer 6

pharyngeal clefts

Question 7

In most chordates, these grooves develop into ________ _____ that open to the outside of the body

Answer 7

pharyngeal slits

Question 8

In mist chordates, these grooves develop into _______ ______ that open to the outside of the body

Answer 8

pharyngeal slits

Question 9

What are the two functions of pharyngeal slits?

Answer 9

1. Suspension feeding structures in many invertebrate chordates
2. Gas exchange in vertebrates (except vertebrates with limbs, the tetrapods)

Question 10

What develops into parts of the ear, head, and neck

Answer 10

Tetrapods (tetra-four, pod-foot)

Question 11

Chordates have a tail _____ to the anus

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

In many species, the tail is greatly ______ during embryonic development

Answer 12

reduced

Question 13

The post anal tail provides provides what for aquatic species?

Answer 13

Propelling force

Question 14

Lancelets have a _____ like shape

Answer 14

blade

Question 15

Gas exchange _______ body surface in subphylum cephalochordata

Answer 15

across

Question 16

Subphylum Cephalochordata are usually ______ but can leave burrow and swim

Answer 16

sessile

Question 17

Subphylum Cephalochordata are what kind of feeders?

Answer 17

suspension feeders

Question 18

What are the animals in Subphylum Urochordata?

Answer 18

Tunicates

Question 19

______ feeders with incurrent and excurrent siphon in Subphylum Urochordata

Answer 19

Filter

Question 20

What kind of digestive tract do Subphylum Urochordata have?

Answer 20

Complete, (mouth and anus)

Question 21

Circulatory system of Subphylum Urochordata?

Answer 21

Open circulatory system, heart contracts blood goes out to the coelom

Question 22

Adult tunicates draw in water through an ______ siphon, filtering food particles

Answer 22

incurrent

Question 23

When attacked, tunicates, “sea squirts” shoot water though their _______ siphon

Answer 23

excurrent

Question 24

Subphylum Vertebrata have _____ or more sets of _____ genes, lancelets and tunicates have only one

Answer 24

two, Hox

Question 25

_______ that enclose the spinal cord have taken over the mechanical roles of the notochord in subphylum vertebrata

Answer 25

Vertebrae

Question 26

The ______ _______, cells that appear along the edes of the closing ______ tube of an embryo, is another unique feature of vertebrates in subphylum vertebrata

Answer 26

neural crest, neural

Question 27

In subphylum vertebrata the ______ crest cells give rise to anatomical structures unique to vertebrates

Answer 27

neural

Question 28

_______ of cartilage or bone - most also have ____ pairs of _______

Answer 28

Endoskeleton, two, appendages

Question 29

In subphylum vertebrata internal organs consist of _____, ______, ______ glands, and a heart with at least ____ chambers

Answer 29

liver, kidneys, endocrine, two

Question 30

What internal organ is unique to vertebrates ______

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

Hagfishes and lampreys are members of these groups lack a ________

Answer 31

backbone

Question 32

What class are lampreys in?

Answer 32

Class Petromyzontid

Question 33

What class are hagfish in?

Answer 33

Class Myxini

Question 34

________ are jawless vertebrates that inhabit various marine and freshwater habitats

Answer 34

Lampreys

Question 35

Some lampreys are parasites that feed by _______ their mouths onto a live _____

Answer 35

clamping, fish

Question 36

Lampreys have a _____ and _______ skeleton

Answer 36

notochord, cartilaginous

Question 37

Hagfishes are _____ vertebrates that have a ______ skull, ______ vertebrae, and a _____ rod of _______ derived from the notochord

Answer 37

jawless, cartilaginous, reduced, flexible, cartilage

Question 38

They have a small ______, _____, ears, _____ opening, and tooth like _______ in their mouths

Answer 38

brain, eyes, nasal, formations

Question 39

Hagfishes produce _______ to ________ competitors and predators

Answer 39

slime, repel

Question 40

Cartilaginous fish, sharks, skates, rays, skeleton composed of _______

Answer 40

Class Chondrichthyes

Question 41

Blacktip reef shark, southern stingray, spotted ratfish are from what class?

Answer 41

Chondrichthyans

Question 42

Sharks have a ________ body and are _____ swimmers

Answer 42

streamlined, swift

Question 43

______ fins function as stabiliziers, and paired pectoral and pelvic fins are used for maneuvering

Answer 43

Dorsal

Question 44

_______ swimming keeps sharks from sinking and maintains continuous flow of water over ______

Answer 44

Continual, gills

Question 45

The largest sharks are _______ feeders, but most are carnivores

Answer 45

suspension

Question 46

Acute ______ including sight, smell, and the ability to detect ______ fields from nearby animals are adaptations for their active carnivorous lifestyle

Answer 46

senses, electrical

Question 47

Shark eggs are fertilized ________, but embryos can develop in different ways

Answer 47

internally

Question 48

_______: eggs hatch outside the mother's body

Answer 48

Oviparous

Question 49

_______: eggs are retained within the oviduct; young are born after hatching within the uterus

Answer 49

Ovoviviparous

Question 50

_______: the embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished from the mother's blood through a yolk sac placenta

Answer 50

Viviparous

Question 51

The _______ tract, ______ system, and ______ tract empty into the ______, a common chamber with an opening to the outside

Answer 51

reproductive, excretory, digestive, cloaca

Question 52

___ chambered heart - ______ circulation in class chondricthyes

Answer 52

2, single