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Biology II > Ch. 34 Bio > Flashcards

Ch. 34 Bio Flashcards

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1
Q

Four characteristics of chordates

A
  1. notochord
  2. dorsal, hollow nerve cord
  3. pharyngeal slits or clefts
  4. muscular, post anal tail
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2
Q

The ______ is longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord

A

notochord

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3
Q

The notochord provides _________ support throughout most of the length of a chordate

A

skeletal

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4
Q

The ______ cord of a chordate embryo develops from a plate of ________ that rolls into a tube _____ to the notochord

A

nerve, ectoderm, dorsal

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5
Q

The nerve cord develops into the _____ ______ system; the brain and the spinal cord

A

central nervous

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6
Q

In all chordate embryos, grooves form along the outer surface of the pharynx called ________ _______

A

pharyngeal clefts

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7
Q

In most chordates, these grooves develop into ________ _____ that open to the outside of the body

A

pharyngeal slits

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8
Q

In mist chordates, these grooves develop into _______ ______ that open to the outside of the body

A

pharyngeal slits

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9
Q

What are the two functions of pharyngeal slits?

A
  1. Suspension feeding structures in many invertebrate chordates
  2. Gas exchange in vertebrates (except vertebrates with limbs, the tetrapods)
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10
Q

What develops into parts of the ear, head, and neck

A

Tetrapods (tetra-four, pod-foot)

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11
Q

Chordates have a tail _____ to the anus

A

posterior

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12
Q

In many species, the tail is greatly ______ during embryonic development

A

reduced

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13
Q

The post anal tail provides provides what for aquatic species?

A

Propelling force

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14
Q

Lancelets have a _____ like shape

A

blade

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15
Q

Gas exchange _______ body surface in subphylum cephalochordata

A

across

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16
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata are usually ______ but can leave burrow and swim

A

sessile

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17
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata are what kind of feeders?

A

suspension feeders

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18
Q

What are the animals in Subphylum Urochordata?

A

Tunicates

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19
Q

______ feeders with incurrent and excurrent siphon in Subphylum Urochordata

A

Filter

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20
Q

What kind of digestive tract do Subphylum Urochordata have?

A

Complete, (mouth and anus)

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21
Q

Circulatory system of Subphylum Urochordata?

A

Open circulatory system, heart contracts blood goes out to the coelom

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22
Q

Adult tunicates draw in water through an ______ siphon, filtering food particles

A

incurrent

23
Q

When attacked, tunicates, “sea squirts” shoot water though their _______ siphon

A

excurrent

24
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata have _____ or more sets of _____ genes, lancelets and tunicates have only one

A

two, Hox

25
Q

_______ that enclose the spinal cord have taken over the mechanical roles of the notochord in subphylum vertebrata

A

Vertebrae

26
Q

The ______ _______, cells that appear along the edes of the closing ______ tube of an embryo, is another unique feature of vertebrates in subphylum vertebrata

A

neural crest, neural

27
Q

In subphylum vertebrata the ______ crest cells give rise to anatomical structures unique to vertebrates

A

neural

28
Q

_______ of cartilage or bone - most also have ____ pairs of _______

A

Endoskeleton, two, appendages

29
Q

In subphylum vertebrata internal organs consist of _____, ______, ______ glands, and a heart with at least ____ chambers

A

liver, kidneys, endocrine, two

30
Q

What internal organ is unique to vertebrates ______

A

liver

31
Q

Hagfishes and lampreys are members of these groups lack a ________

A

backbone

32
Q

What class are lampreys in?

A

Class Petromyzontid

33
Q

What class are hagfish in?

A

Class Myxini

34
Q

________ are jawless vertebrates that inhabit various marine and freshwater habitats

A

Lampreys

35
Q

Some lampreys are parasites that feed by _______ their mouths onto a live _____

A

clamping, fish

36
Q

Lampreys have a _____ and _______ skeleton

A

notochord, cartilaginous

37
Q

Hagfishes are _____ vertebrates that have a ______ skull, ______ vertebrae, and a _____ rod of _______ derived from the notochord

A

jawless, cartilaginous, reduced, flexible, cartilage

38
Q

They have a small ______, _____, ears, _____ opening, and tooth like _______ in their mouths

A

brain, eyes, nasal, formations

39
Q

Hagfishes produce _______ to ________ competitors and predators

A

slime, repel

40
Q

Cartilaginous fish, sharks, skates, rays, skeleton composed of _______

A

Class Chondrichthyes

41
Q

Blacktip reef shark, southern stingray, spotted ratfish are from what class?

A

Chondrichthyans

42
Q

Sharks have a ________ body and are _____ swimmers

A

streamlined, swift

43
Q

______ fins function as stabiliziers, and paired pectoral and pelvic fins are used for maneuvering

A

Dorsal

44
Q

_______ swimming keeps sharks from sinking and maintains continuous flow of water over ______

A

Continual, gills

45
Q

The largest sharks are _______ feeders, but most are carnivores

A

suspension

46
Q

Acute ______ including sight, smell, and the ability to detect ______ fields from nearby animals are adaptations for their active carnivorous lifestyle

A

senses, electrical

47
Q

Shark eggs are fertilized ________, but embryos can develop in different ways

A

internally

48
Q

_______: eggs hatch outside the mother’s body

A

Oviparous

49
Q

_______: eggs are retained within the oviduct; young are born after hatching within the uterus

A

Ovoviviparous

50
Q

_______: the embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished from the mother’s blood through a yolk sac placenta

A

Viviparous

51
Q

The _______ tract, ______ system, and ______ tract empty into the ______, a common chamber with an opening to the outside

A

reproductive, excretory, digestive, cloaca

52
Q

___ chambered heart - ______ circulation in class chondricthyes

A

2, single

53
Q
A

Biology II (10 decks)

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