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Medical Terminology- vic > ch 3 Structures of the skeletal system > Flashcards

ch 3 Structures of the skeletal system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the connective tissues associated with the skeletal system?

A

bone, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage

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2
Q

Bone starts as cartilage and fiborous membranes that harden before birth. What is this process called?

A

ossification

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3
Q

What does the combining forms oste/o, oss/e, oss/i mean?

A

bone

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4
Q

What is cortical bone?

A

hard, dense, strong bone, forms the outer layer of an individual bone

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5
Q

What does cortex mean?

A

bark or shell in Latin

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6
Q

What is the other name for cortical bone?

A

compact bone

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7
Q

What is cancellous bone?

A

lighter, less strong bone, found in the ends and inner portions of long bones

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8
Q

What is another name for cancellous bone?

A

spongy bone

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9
Q

What kind of marrow is found in cancellous bone?

A

Red marrow

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10
Q

What does -hemat/o mean?

A

blood

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11
Q

What does -poietic or -poiesis mean?

A

pertaining to formation

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12
Q

Red bone marrow, located in cancellous bone, is ..?

A

hematopoietic

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13
Q

What is hematopoietic?

A

means that red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and clotting cells

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14
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

the inner space within a bone, contains yellow bone marrow (fat cells and storage)

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15
Q

In adults, what does yellow bone marrow replace?

A

red bone marrow

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16
Q

What is yellow bone marrow composed of?

A

mainly fat cells and serves as a fat storage area

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17
Q

Bones are divided into different categories based on what?

A

bone types, bone shapes and bone functions

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18
Q

Define epiphysis?

A

it is a wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and is composed of cancellous bone

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19
Q

Epi- means?

A

above

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20
Q

-physis means?

A

growth

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21
Q

physis is also called the…?

A

growth plate

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22
Q

Dia- means?

A

between

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23
Q

Define diaphysis?

A

a shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

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24
Q

Peri- means?

A

surrounding

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25
Q

-um means?

A

structure

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26
Q

Perisosteum means?

A

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone

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27
Q

Endo- means?

A

within or inner

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28
Q

Define endosteum means?

A

tough, fiborous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity

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29
Q

What are short bones?

A

cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity (i.e., skull bones - frontal bone)

30
Q

What are long bones?

A

bones consisting of shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity (i.e., femur, humerus, tibia, radius)

31
Q

What are flat bones?

A

thin, flat bones (i.e., pelvis)

32
Q

What are pneumatic bones?

A

sinus-containing bones (i.e., frontal bone, hollow bones - air-holed bones)

33
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

sinus-containing bones (i.e., vertebrae), things not paired

34
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

small bones embedded in a tendon (i.e., patella) (the only exception is the distal sesamoid of the horse)

35
Q

Bone growth is balanced between the actions of _____ and ______.

A

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

36
Q

oste/o =

A

bone

37
Q

-blasts =

A

immature

38
Q

Osteoblasts are ______ bone cells that produce bony tissue.

A

immature

39
Q

Osteocytes are _____ cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of bone.

A

phagocytic

40
Q

-clast means?

A

to break

41
Q

What is cartilage and what does it do?

A

it is more elastic than bone and it protects the ends of bones where they contact each other

42
Q

What does the combining form Chondr/o mean?

A

cartilage

43
Q

Define articular cartilage?

A

a type of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bone

44
Q

Define meniscus?

A

a curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints - provides additional cushioning

45
Q

What are joints or articulations and what do they do?

A

they are connections between bones

they aid in movement of the body

46
Q

What is another word for joint?

A

articulations

47
Q

The combining form arthr/o means?

A

joint

48
Q

What does articulate mean?

A

means to join in a way that allows motion between the parts

49
Q

What are the different types of joints and they are classified based on.?

A

Synarthoses, amphiarthroses, and diarthoses based on their degree of movement

50
Q

Define synarthroses?

A

allow no movement (i.e., suture)

51
Q

Define amphiarthroses?

A

allow slight movement (i.e., pelvis in ladies)

52
Q

Define diarthroses?

A

allow free movement (i.e., synovial joints)

53
Q

Define suture?

A

a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint - typically found in the skull

54
Q

An example of an amphiarthrosis is?

A

symphysis

55
Q

Define symphysis?

A

a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so they function as one bone (i.e., halves of mandible, halves of pelvis)

56
Q

What is another term for symphysis?

A

cartilaginous joint

57
Q

Synovial joints are further classified as..?

A

ball-and-socket joints

58
Q

What are ball-and-sockets also called?

A

enarthrosis or spheroid joints

59
Q

An example of Diathroses: Synovial joints are..?

A

any joint that have synovial fluid

60
Q

An example of Diathroses: anthrodial/condyloid joint - where is it located?

A

in the wrist - carpals (where the radius meets the carpus) and tarsus

61
Q

An example of Diathroses: trochoid or pivot joint - where is it located?

A

pully-shaped joints in your head - between atlas and axis

62
Q

An example of Diathroses: hinge joint - where is it located?

A

jaw (up and down, open and close)

63
Q

An example of Diathroses: gliding joint - where is it located?

A

vertebrae - slide (move or glide over each other

64
Q

An example of Diathroses: saddle joint (found in primates) - where is it located?

A

thumb (flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thumb)

65
Q

What kind of motion does the ball-and-socket allow?

A

a wide range of motion in many directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints

66
Q

Define ligaments

A

bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone

67
Q

The combining form ligament/o means..?

A

ligament

68
Q

Define tendon

A

bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone

69
Q

The combining form ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o means..?

A

tendon

70
Q

Joints are classified based on…?

A

Their degree of movement

71
Q

Define Diarthroses

A

Allow free movement

72
Q

What are some examples of diarthoses?

A

synovial, ball and socket, Arthrodial/condyloid, trochoid, hinge, gliding, saddle

Medical Terminology- vic (17 decks)

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