CH 3: Social Beliefs and Judgements

Question 1

What is Priming?

Answer 1

-Is the awakening/ activating of certain associations and influencing our behavior and thoughts and becoming conscious

Question 2

How is our social info processing like?

Answer 2

-It is automatic= happens without our awareness

Question 3

What is embodied cognition?

Answer 3

-The influence of bodily sensations on cognitive preferences & social judgments

Question 4

How is our thinking like?

Answer 4

-It is partly automatic=imulsive and partly controlled=automatic, intuitive thinking

Question 5

What are Schemas?

Answer 5

-They are mental concepts/ templates that guide our perceptions & interpretations

Question 6

What are Emotional Reactions?

Answer 6

-They are nearly instantaneous happening before there is time for deliberate thinking

Question 7

What is activating particular associations in memory?

Answer 7

-Priming

Question 8

What do we use System 2 for?

Answer 8

-Remembering facts, names, past events explicitly

Question 9

What do we use System 1 for?

Answer 9

-Remembering Skills & conditioned dispositions implicitly

Question 10

What is Intuitive Judgement?

Answer 10

-our immediate knowledge of knowing something without reasoning or analysis

Question 11

What is illusionary thinking?

Answer 11

-it is the term for perceptual misinterpretations, fantasies, & constructed beliefs that change to fit our current beliefs & behaviors

Question 12

What is not an aspect of controlled thinking?

Answer 12

-Impulsive

Question 13

What is Overconfidence?

Answer 13

-Overestimating the accuracy of one’s beliefs

Question 14

What is Illusionary Intuition?

Answer 14

-How we take in, store, and retrieve social info

Question 15

What does Incompetence feed?

Answer 15

-Overconfidence

Question 16

When david prepares his cereal, He accidentally puts the milk in the cupboard & the cereal in the fridge. What kind of thinking is this?

Answer 16

-Impulsive and automatic

Question 17

What is Confirmation Bias?

Answer 17

-The tendency to look for info that confirms one’s preconception

Question 18

What group of people are more prone to overestimating their abilities?

Answer 18

-Students who scored lowest on logic, humor, and grammar

Question 19

What are Heuristics?

Answer 19

• Our personal system of mental shortcuts

- A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory

Question 20

What is a Representativeness Hueristics?

Answer 20

-It is the tendency to assume that someone belongs to a certain group based on their resemblance of that group

Question 21

What 2 things can reduce overconfidence bias?

Answer 21

• Prompt feedback

- Let people think about 1 reason why their judgements might be wrong

Question 22

What is the Availability Heuristic?

Answer 22

-Judegments based on the likelihood of events (how available it is in memory)

Question 23

What can the Representativeness Heuristic lead to?

Answer 23

-Discounting other important info

Question 24

What can the Availability Heuristic lead to?

Answer 24

-Overweighting vivid instances=fearing the wrong things

Question 25

What is Counterfactual Thinking?

Answer 25

-Imagining alternate scenarios & outcomes that might’ve happened but didn’t

Question 26

What is Illusionary Correlation?

Answer 26

-Perception of a relationship between 2 things when there really isnt

Question 27

What an Availability Heuristic?

Answer 27

-A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory

Question 28

What is Misattribution?

Answer 28

-Mistakenly attributing behavior to the wrong source

Question 29

What is the Attribution Theory?

Answer 29

-It analyzes how we explain people’s behavior and what we infer from it

Question 30

What is Dispositional Atttribution?

Answer 30

-Attributing behavior to the person’s personality and traits

Question 31

How do we tend to see the world?

Answer 31

-Through belief-tinted glasses

Question 32

What do we respond to?

Answer 32

-Not to reality as it is but to reality how we construe it

Question 33

What are the causes for other trying to explain other people’s behavior via the Attribution Theory?

Answer 33

-Attitudes, Motives, traits

Question 34

What is Attribution?

Answer 34

-The theory of how people explains another’s behavior by assuming it was caused by internal or external reasons

Question 35

What is Spontaneous Trait Inference?

Answer 35

-An effortless, automatic inference of a trait after the exposure to someone’s behavior

Question 36

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 36

-It is the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences & overestimate dispositional influences upon other’s behavior

Question 37

When are we most likely to attribute our behaviors to the situation?

Answer 37

-When we have behaved badly

Question 38

What are we inferring when we assume that other people’s actions are the same as their intentions and dispositions?

Answer 38

Traits

Question 39

What are Self-Fulfilling Prophecies?

Answer 39

-A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 40

What is Behavior Confirmation?

Answer 40

-When a person’s social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to validate their expectations

Question 41

People who are more lonely behave less….

Answer 41

socially