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Social Psy 240 > CH 12: Aggression > Flashcards

CH 12: Aggression Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 3 hypotheses of the Media Effects on Homicides?

A

1) Prizefighting causes an increase in gambling=provokes violent actions
2) Prizefighting merely precipitated a murder that would’ve occurred anyways
3) Social learning/ modeling hypothesis

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2
Q

What about the hypothesis that prizefighting causes an increase in gambling?

A

-This rate did not occur after the Superbowl, therefore, it was not supported

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3
Q

What about the hypothesis that prizefighting merely precipitated murder?

A

-There was no evidence of any dip in homicides after the peak, therefore, the hypothesis is not supported

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4
Q

What about the hypothesis of social learning/ modeling for prizefighting and homicides?

A

-There was victim modeling present= person is more likely to aggress if the target victim was similar to the victim= hypothesis supported

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5
Q

What is the relationship between black males watching black male prizefights and homicide rates?

A

-There was an increase in black male homicides (the same thing is true when white males watched white male prize fights)

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6
Q

How does Japan have low violent crime rates even when they show explicit nudity on tv?

A
  • They don’t award their offenders

- The consequences of violence are shown (grief)

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7
Q

What is Cyberbullying?

A

-Threatening, harassing others through online communication

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8
Q

What is Aggression?

A

-Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone/cause harm

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9
Q

What does the definition of aggression exclude?

A
  • Unintentional harm like bumping into someone

- And situations that cause unintentional pain like at the dentist or assisted suicide

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of aggression?

A

-Physical and social aggression

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11
Q

What is Physical aggression?

A

-Hurting someone’s body= Kicking, hitting, slapping

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12
Q

What is Social Aggression?

A
  • AKA Relational Aggression

- Hurting someone else’s feelings/ threatening their relationships

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13
Q

What is Hostile Aggression?

A
  • Aggression that comes from anger w/ the goal to injure someone
  • Starts w/ aversive situation–>triggers aggression–> provokes negative feelings–>ends w/ arousal
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14
Q

What is Instrumental Aggression?

A

-It aims to injure but only as a means to another end= committed to a pursuit of another goal

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15
Q

What are the 3 main ideas of Aggression?

A
  • Biological influences
  • Frustration
  • Learned behavior
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16
Q

What are the subideas of Biological Influences on Aggression?

A
  • Instinctive behavior/ Evolutionary Psych
  • Neural Influences
  • Genetic influences
  • Biochemical influences
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17
Q

Where did Freud believe that Aggression was from?

A

-A self-destructive impulse= it redirects the Death Instinct to others

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18
Q

How did Lorenz see Aggression?

A

-Adaptive

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19
Q

What did Freud and Lorenz agree that Aggression is?

A

-The aggressive energy is instinctive

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20
Q

What area of the brain can aggression be stimulated in?

A
  • In docile animals its in the hypothalamus

- In humans its in the amygdala

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21
Q

What are the Biochemical influences of aggression?

A

-Blood chemistry influences neural sensitivity to aggressive stimulation
(alcohol, testosterone, poor diet,

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22
Q

What is the Frustration-Aggression theory?

A

-Theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress

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23
Q

What is Frustration?

A

-When us reaching our goal is blocked

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24
Q

When does Frustration grow?

A
  • When our motivation to achieve a goal is very strong
  • when we expect gratification
  • When blocking is complete
25
Q

What is Displacement?

A
  • The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of frustration
  • But the new target is usually safer & more socially acceptable
26
Q

What was the real cause of the Iraq War?

A

-America directing their anger to ally Saddam because they could & bc they thought he deserved

27
Q

What is a problem with the Frustration-Aggression theory?

A

-It would produce mixed results= sometimes the outcome would be aggression while other times it would be irritation

28
Q

What does Frustration arise from?

A

-The gap between expectations and attainments

29
Q

What is Relative Deprivation?

A

-The perception that you’re less well off than others when you’re comparing yourself to others

30
Q

What example does Relative Deprivation explain?

A

-It explains why countries with a larger gap between the rich & the poor (bigger income inequality) experience lower levels of happiness & higher levels of crime

31
Q

What is the difference between aggression based on instinct & frustration and learned?

A

-The instinctive/ frustration nature of aggression erupts from inner emotions while in the learned version, aggression is pulled out of us

32
Q

What is Social Learning Theory?

A

-The theory that we learn social behavior by observing & imitating & being rewarded & punished

33
Q

What is the Bandura Experiment?

A
  • Having kids watch adults be aggressive to a Bobo doll
  • It concluded that the kids were aggressive to the bobo doll after watching the adult do it and were even more aggressive when they saw an adult of the same-sex being aggressive
34
Q

What are the specific influences on aggression?

A
  • Aversive incidents
  • arousal (pain, heat, attacks)
  • The media
  • Group context
35
Q

What is the main principle of arousal?

A
  • A state of arousal can be interpreted in different ways depending on the context
  • And that arousal fuels emotion
36
Q

What are the elements of Hostile Aggression?

A

-The aversive situation (pain, discomfort) leads to hostile thoughts/memories or aggression cue, angry feelings, and arousal which will lead to aggressive reactions

37
Q

What happens when a man is shown fictional images of another man overpowering a woman?

A
  • It can distort men & women’s perception of how women respond to sexual coercion
  • and increase men’s aggression against women
38
Q

What is the relationship between people watching porn & aggressiveness?

A

-People who watch porn are more likely to be sexually aggressive which includes physical force & verbal coercion & harassment

39
Q

What was concluded when 8 year-olds who watch violence grew to be 19?

A
  • Viewing violence as an 8-year-old modestly predicted aggressiveness at age 19
  • BUT aggressiveness as an 8-year-old didn’t predict viewing violence at age 19
40
Q

What is Prosocial behavior?

A

-Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior= opposite of antisocial behavior

41
Q

What are Social Scripts?

A
  • They are culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations
  • We rely on them when we are uncertain on how to act
42
Q

When do we become Desensitized?

A

-When we get used to emotionally arousing stimulus that’s repeated over & over

43
Q

Why would playing violent video games have a greater toxic effect than watching violent T.V?

A
  • You identify w/ the character
  • Actively partake in violence
  • Repetition of violence behaviors
  • Rewarded for violent acts
44
Q

Do playing violent video games increase aggression?

A
  • Yes

- Violent games lead to aggressive actions but the size of the matter is up for debate

45
Q

What are the effects of playing violent video games?

A
  • Increase in aggressive behaviors, thoughts, feelings
  • Also leads to Habituation in the brain=gamers reacting less to negative images
  • Greater likelihood to carry a weapon
  • Decrease in self-control & empathy for others while an increase in antisocial behavior
46
Q

What is the Catharsis Hypothesis of aggression?

A

-The aggressive drive is reduced when one releases aggressive energy by acting it out or fantasizing about it

47
Q

How can groups amplify aggressive reactions?

A

-Diffusion of responsibility

48
Q

What does Jean-Jaques Rosseau blame for social evils supporting the “noble savage” view?

A

-He blames society

49
Q

What is the Noble Savage view?

A

-It’s the view that humans are gentle but society make us aggressive

50
Q

What role does testosterone play in aggression?

A
  • After handling a gun, men’s testosterone levels rise
  • After age 25, testosterone levels & rates of violent crime decrease altogether
  • Those w/ high testosterone are more prone to hard drugs, delinquency, aggression
51
Q

What did Berkowitz propose for explaining hostile aggression?

A

-Aversive Stimulation is the basic trigger for hostile aggression

52
Q

What type of pain heightens aggression?

A

-Physical and Psychological pain

53
Q

What environmental factors can cause aggressive behavior?

A
  • Air pollution
  • Heat
  • Cigarette odor
54
Q

What can be considered to be aggression cues?

A

-Weapons, nonverbal actions, colors if they indicate that aggression/ violence might take place

55
Q

What is the Weapon effect?

A

-The mere presence of a weapon increased aggressive thoughts & behaviors

56
Q

What is Cognitive Priming?

A

-Explains that when people view violence they are more likely to use hostile explanations for other’s behaviors (when violence on yo mind, you interpret ambiguous things more violently)

57
Q

What does the U.S Safety council refer to video games as?

A

-Sick & morbid

58
Q

What is the primary characteristic of video games as said by the U.S safety council?

A

-It’s shift from imaginary visual images of destruction to actual behavioral actions taken by the player

59
Q

Is there a causal link between playing violent video games and aggression?

A
  • Yes bc it increases aggressive behavior, cognition, etc
  • Scientific evidence is also consistent
  • BUT there’s no detectable effect on criminal behavior

Social Psy 240 (12 decks)

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