CH 2: The Self in a Social World Flashcards
What is the spotlight effect?
-Our belief that others are paying more attention to our behaviors than they really are
What is illusion of transparency?
-the illusion that our emotions can be easily read by others
What are 4 other examples between our sense of self & social worlds?
- Social surroundings affect our self-awareness
- Self-interest colors our social judgment
- Self-concern motivates our social behavior
- Social relationships help define our sense of self
What does our sense of Self do?
- It organizes our thoughts, feelings, & actions
- It also allows us to remember our past, asses our present & project our future
What is Self-Concept?
-It is what we know & believe about ourselves
What part of the brain becomes more active when you think about yourself?
-The medial prefrontal cortex bc it stitches together your sense of self
What are Self-Schemas?
-They are more how you organize the world, figuring out who you are, has to do with your identity
What is Schadenfreude?
-It is the german term for defining the positive feelings we get when we see others fail
What is Individualism?
- Giving priority to your own goals & identifying individually vs with a group
- Valued in western cultures
What is Collectivism?
- Giving priority to the goals of one’s own group & defining identity the same way
- Valued in Eastern cultures
What is the Looking-Glass Self?
-It describes how we think others perceive us as a mirror perceiving ourselves
What matters most about self-concept?
-It is not how other people see us but actually the way we imagine they see us
What happens during adolescence?
-We achieve self-reliance, & we separate from our parents & have a clear definition of sense of self
What is Interdependent?
-It is creating your identity in relation to others
What is dependent?
-Creating your identity as an autonomous being
What culture promote a greater sense of belonging & more integration between oneself & others?
-Collectivist culture (eastern culture)
Why do people underestimate predictions in their activity goals?
- Planning Fallacy
- misremembering how long previous tasks took
- Not being realistic
Children raised in which country are more adapt to express themselves through personal writing, choices purchases?
-United states
Where is the Interdependent Self embedded in?
-Social memberships
What is Affective Forecasting?
-Mispredicting the intensity & duration of their emotions from a certain event (a break up)
What is Impact Bias?
- Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events
- We are very prone to this type of bias after negative events
What influences your general happiness after a sad event?
- The event
- Everything else
What is the Dual Attitude System?
-It describes the difference between implicit & explicit attitudes towards the same object
What is the overall evaluation of ourselves?
-Our Self-Esteem
What is Self-Esteem similar to and why?
- Fuel gauge
- bc it alerts us to threatened social rejection, motivates us to self-improvement, motivates our greater sensitivity
What is Terror Management Theory?
-It describes the need for humans to manage their fear of death
What 3 things are included in Self-Esteem?
- Self evaluation
- Self schemas
- Possible selves
What kind of trouble did the people w/ low self-esteem have?
- They had trouble escaping a tough childhood
- Parents used drugs
- Potential sex abuse
What is Narcissism?
-Having an inflated sense of self
What kind of behavior would a person w/ Narcissism demonstrate?
- Anger if crossed
- Aggression
- Retaliation if crossed
- Lack of empathy
Who is the founding father of Self-Efficacy?
-Albert Bandura
What is Self-Efficacy?
- It helps us set challenging goals
- It also persists until achievement
What is Self-Serving Bias?
- It is the tendency to perceive yourself favorably
- Will take credit for positive events but blame other things/people for negative events
What do Self-Serving Attributions from the self-serving bias contribute to?
- Marital discord
- Worker dissatisfaction
- Bargaining impasses
What is Unrealistic Optimism?
-Unrealistic optimism about future events
What is Defensive Pessimism?
- It is the dash of realism that can save us from unrealistic optimism
- It anticipates problems & motivates effective coping
What is False-Consensus Effect?
-Us finding support for our positions by overestimating how much people agree
What are the 3 dimensions where people see themselves as better than the average person?
- Subjective
- Socially desirable
- Common Dimensions
What is False Uniqueness?
-Believing that our talents & moral behaviors are unusual
What is Self-Handicapping?
-Protecting your self-image w/ behaviors that create a useful excuse for failure later on
What is Self-Monitoring?
-Adjust your behavior in response to external situations
What 3 things are affected when we engage in Self-Control?
- Blood sugar
- Energy Reserves
When will your stamina decrease?
-When people exert will-power in all areas of their day (eating veg instead of cake)
What is Self-Presentation?
-The desire to present ourselves favorably to ourselves & to others
What are the results of exerting self-control on some behavior?
- Quit faster when given unreasonable puzzles
- Have decreased Stamina
- Become more aggressive
- Become less restrained to sexual thoughts/ behavior
