CH. 10 Prejudice Flashcards
What is Prejudice?
- A preconceived judgment about a group & its individual members
- can be positive or negative
What are Stereotypes?
- Beliefs/personal attitudes about a group of people
- They are overgeneralized/inaccurate
- Descriptive= How people do behave
- By-products of how we simplify our complex world
What is the difference between Prejudice and Discrimination?
- Prejudice is negative attitude
- Discriminiation is negative behavior
What is Racism?
- Individuals prejudicial attitudes about a certain race
- Or institutional practice that subordinate people of a given race
What is Sexism?
- Individuals prejudicial attitudes about a certain sex
- Or institutional practice that subordinate people of a given sex
What does it mean that both Racism and Sexism are institutional practices?
-It’s present even when there is no prejudicial intent
What is the Dual Attitude System?
- That we have implicit & explicit attitudes toward the same target
- Conjured up via IAT Test
What is every race like when looking at racial prejudice in the global context of it?
-A minority
What are Gender Stereotypes?
-How men & women should behave
What is the difference between Stereotypes and Prejudice?
- Stereotypes are beliefs
- Prejudice is attitudes
What is biased when race does not bias perception?
-Reaction
What are norms?
- Prescriptive
- Suggests how other people should behave
What are the 2 conclusions of Gender Stereotypes?
- Strong gender types exist
- Members of the stereotyped group accept them
What is the percentage of school students reporting harassment bc they’re gay?
80%
What is the principle of social inequalities?
-Unequal status breeds prejudice
What is Social Dominance Orientation?
- The motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups
- View people in term’s of hierarchies
What is Enthocintricity?
-Believing that your cultural group is better & the others suck
What are the tendencies that Ethnocentric people share?
- Intolerance for weakness
- Punitive attitude
- Submissive respect for their group authorities
What is Authoritarian Personality?
-Personality where you are predisposed to favor obedience to authority & intolerant to outgroups in lower status
What influences children’s prejudices?
-Family, culture, & media images
What are people with an authoritarian personality more likely to engage in?
-Prejudicial attitudes and stereotyping
What is Scapegoating?
-When we are prevented from reaching a goal we become hostile so we display aggression when we can’t pinpoint the source
What does a competition between 2 groups fuel?
- Prejudice & competition is the source of frustration when one group can’t reach their goal
- AKA Realistic Group Conflict Theory
What are the sources of prejudice?
- Family socialization
- Family attitudes
- Family values
What is Social Identity?
- The “We” aspect of our self-concept
- The answer of who am I comes also comes from our group memberships
What do we do in part of Social Identity theory?
- We categorize= labeling other people
- We identify=associating ourselves w/ certain groups= ingroups
- We compare=We contrast our groups to out-groups and think we’re better
What includes a group definition of who you are?
- Gender
- Marital status
- Religion
- Race
What does being formed in groups promote?
-ingroup bias
What is the need for status?
-Psychological benefit of prejudice that can come from authentic pride or derogating other groups
What is Ingroup?
-A group do people who share a sense of belonging/feeling a common identity that inspires them to favor themselves
What is an Outgroup?
-Large amount of people that perceive themselves as different/apart from the ingroup
When is automatic prejudice reduced?
-When people’s motivation is internal rather than external
What is ingroup bias?
-Thinking your group is better than the outgroup
What do we need to feel a sense of Superiority?
- Status
- Belonging
- Self-Regard
What is Outgroup Homogeneity effect?
-Seeing outgroup members as similar instead of diverse
Where does Prejudice and Stereotyped beliefs come from?
-They are a natural thinking process in most humans
Why do we classify people into different groups?
- Speedy judgments
- Simplifying
- Predicting
What is Own-race bias?
- The tendency to accurately identify people of their own race
- AKA cross-race effect or other race effect
When do we rely on stereotypes?
-When we’re tired, pressed for time, and preoccupied
When do we exhibit Group-serving bias?
-To justify to negative behavior or an individual within our ingroup
What is the Just-World Phenomenon?
-The belief that the world is just and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
What is the role of Prejudgments?
-They guide our memories and attention
What is the basis for Prejudice?
-Prejudgements
What is Subgrouping?
- A place for people who don’t fit into the broader stereotype
- Forming a subset of a larger group
What is Subtyping?
-Seeing people who deviate away from stereotypes as exceptions=helps maintain the stereotype
What are the 2 types of prejudice/effects of victimization?
- Blaming yourself
- Blaming external causes
What is Own-race bias?
-Thinking that an outgroup looks similar when your group looks similar too
What is Stereotype Threat?
-Self-confirming apprehension (disruptive concern) that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
What do our own stereotypes bias?
-Our judgments
How do we evaluate individuals vs the group they compose?
-We evaluate them more positively
